二、后缀(Suffixes)
126、-able. a. ==倾向于…；可能回做…
①acceptable可接受的：accept接受+able倾向于…→acceptable在心理倾向于接受即可接受的
If these termsare not acceptable to you, we may suggest others.
如果你对这些条件不合意，我们可提出别的条件。
②readable可读(认)的：read读+able可能会做…→readable可能会读得懂得即可读(认)的
The book isclear, readable and adequately illustrated.
这本书明白易懂，可读性强，插图丰富。
③adaptable可适应的：adapt适应+able可能会做…→adaptable可能会适应的即可适应的
Older workerscan be as adaptable and quick to learn as anyone else.
较年长的工人的适应能力和学习速度有时并不亚于其他任何人。
[if !supportLists]127、[endif]-age. n. ==…的行动、结果、状态
①shortage缺乏，短缺：short短缺的+age…的状态→shortage某物处于短缺的状态即缺乏，短缺
The war waslost because of a shortage of munitions.
战争因军火不足而失败。
②reportage报告文学：report报告+age…的动作→reportage表示作报告这个动作引申为报告文学
His reportage fullycomplied with the facts.
他写的报告文学充分尊重了客观事实。
③parentage出身，门第：parent根源、起源+age…的结果→parentage一个人的根源、起源决定其出身，门第
At our age,the parentage is so important.
128、-al. n. == …的行动，…的人；倾向于;与…有联系、相关;属于、关于
①refusal拒绝：refuse拒绝+al…的行动→refusal表示拒绝这个行动即拒绝
I translate hissilence as a refusal.
②criminal犯罪分子：crime犯罪+al……的人→criminal犯罪的人即犯罪分子
The criminal wassentenced to prison for theft.
③colonial殖民的：colony殖民地+al倾向于→colonial有殖民地倾向的即殖民的
AmericanIndependence War is really a colonial war.
④natural自然的：nature自然+al与…有联系、相关→natural与自然有练习的或相关的即自然的
Itis natural that he should fall in love with such a beautiful girl.
⑤political政治的：politics政治+al属于、关于→political属于政治领域的、关于政治的即政治的
He has somepretty strange political ideas.
[if !supportLists]129、[endif]-ed.[过去分词作定语] == 1)充满；具有某种特点 2)完成
①spirited(heated)argument热烈的讨论：spirit精神+ed充满→spirited充满精神的即热烈的
He organized aspirited argument successfully.
②honeyed word甜言蜜语：honey蜂蜜+ed具有某种特点→honeyed具有蜂蜜的特点，像蜂蜜一样甜的话即甜言蜜语
Don't always speak
honeyed words.
③distracted心情纷乱：distract使分心+ed完成→distracted已经被分心了心情就会纷乱
She didn'trealize the extent to which she had been distracted.
她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。
[if !supportLists]130、[endif]-ee. n. == 动作的受动者即动作的对象
①testee考生，被测验者：test考试、测验+ee→testee被考试的人即考生，被测验的人即被测验者
An analysisof testees participating in self - study exams for higher education
高等教育自学考试的考生分析
②trainee运动员，受训练的人：train锻炼+ee动作的受动者→trainee被训练的人即受训练的人
The company'ssalary scale ranges from5,000 for a trainee to 50,000 for the managingdirector.
公司工资的等级从学徒工的5,000英镑到总经理的50,000英镑,级别不等。
③payee受款人：pay付款+ee动作的受动者→payee接受付款的人即受款人
The issuer mayspecify himself on the cheque as the payee.
出票人可以在支票上记载自己为收款人。
[if !supportLists]131、[endif]-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. == 动作的施动者;用作…的设备
①fighter战士，战斗机：fight战斗、战争+er动作的施动者→参加战斗的人即战士；+er用作…的设备→fighter用作战斗的设备即战斗机
He was asturdy fighter for racial equality.
他是一个为种族平等而奋斗的坚强战士。
②beggar乞丐：beg乞讨+er动作的施动者→beggar乞讨的人即乞丐
The beggar shiveredin his scanty clothes.
乞丐穿着单薄，冻得发抖。
③cashier出纳员：cash现金+ier动作的施动者→cashier管理现金的人即出纳员
The robber threatenedthe cashier with a revolver.
强盗用左轮手枪威胁出纳员。
④pioneer先锋队员：作为先锋的人即先锋队员
He wasa pioneer in the use of X-rays.
他是最早使用X光的人。
[if !supportLists]132、[endif]-ic/ical. a. == 与…相关；像、类似于…
①scenic风景的：scene景色、风景+ic与…相关→scenic与风景相关的即风景的
The countryabounds in scenic and natural wonders.
这个国家有许多风景优美的自然景观。
②geometric几何的：geometry几何+ic与…相关→geometric与几何相关的即几何的
The cube is asolid geometric figure.
立方体是一个牢固的几何图形。
③geographical地理的：geography地理+ic与…相关→geographical与地理相关的即地理的
Morphologicalcharacters and geographical distribution are the same as the family.
形态学上的特征和地理的分布与科相同。
[if !supportLists]133、[endif]-ess/ine. n. == 女性的，与女性相关的
①actress女演员：act表演+r+ess女性的→actress演出是由女性表演的即女演员
Her success asan actress was now assured.
②heroine女英雄：hero英雄+ine女性的→heroine女性的英雄即女英雄
She becamethe heroine of France.
③mayoress女市长：mayor市长+ess女性的→mayoress女性的市长即女市长
Our mayoress isspeaking at the meeting.
[if !supportLists]134、[endif]-ful. a. ==充满
①handful一把，一撮：hand手+ful充满→handful充满手的即一把，一撮
He dipped intothe bag and brought out a handful of sample wheat.
他把手伸进袋里，取出一把小麦样品。
②mouthful一口：mouth口+ful充满→mouthful充满口的即一口
He wants to eatit up at a mouthful.
③cupful一满杯：cup杯子+ful充满→cupful充满杯子的即一满杯
He drank acupful water as he was very thirst.
[if !supportLists]135、[endif]-ify/fy. v. == 使…、加强
①intensify强化，加强：intense强烈的+ify加强→intensify强化，加强
Youmust intensify your sense of responsibility.
②purify净化：pure纯净的+ify使…→purify使…纯净即净化
The endlessforests will purify the air.
③clarify澄清：clear清晰的、清澈的+ify使…→clarify使…变得清晰、清澈即澄清
These brief
remarks may serve to clarify the fact.
[if !supportLists]136、[endif]-hood. n. ==状态、状况
①childhood儿童期：child儿童+hood状态、状况→childhood处于儿童的状态儿童期
I have onlymisty memories of my early childhood.
我对自己的童年只剩一些模糊的记忆。
②brotherhood手足之情：brother兄弟+hood状态、状况→brotherhood处于兄弟的状态即手足之情
I valuethe brotherhood between us.
③bachelorhood独身生活：bachelor单身+hood状态、状况→bachelorhood处于单身的状况即独身生活
He lives inbachelorhood though his parents ask him to get merry as soon as possible.
[if !supportLists]137、[endif]-ile. a. == 有可能…
①hostile敌意的：有可能成为敌人即敌意的
I don't likeher manner -- she's very hostile.
②fragile易碎的：有可能破碎的即易碎的
This glassplate is very fragile.
③versatile多才多艺的：有可能会多种才华的即多才多艺的
Versatile actorscan play all kinds of roles.
[if !supportLists]138、[endif]-ility. n. == 具有…的性质、特点
①feasibility可行性：feasible可行的+ility具有…的性质、特点→feasibility具有可行性的特点即可行性
They doubted ofthe feasibility of the project.
②servility奴性，卑屈：serve为…服务+ility具有…的性质、特点→servility具有为别人服务的性质即奴性，卑屈
The remnants ofthe old servility are hard to shake off.
世世代代遗留下来的奴性，不是一朝一夕就能根除的。
③mobility易动的:mobile移动的+ility具有…的性质、特点→mobility具有可移动的特点即易动的
Recent yearshave witnessed a growing social mobility.
近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。
139、-ing. a. == 有…的性质、特点
①disturbing令人不安的：disturb使不安，使烦恼+ing有…的性质、特点→disturbing某人或某事又让人感觉到不安或烦恼的性质即令人不安
There wassomething sinister about him that she found disturbing.
他身上有种邪恶的东西让她很不安。
②surprising令人吃惊的：surprise使惊奇+ing有…的性质、特点→surprising有让人感觉到惊奇的性质即令人吃惊的
A surprisingnumber of customers order the same sandwich every day.
③encouraging振奋人心的：encourage鼓舞、鼓励+ing有…的性质、特点→encouraging有鼓舞人的特点即振奋人心的
It wasencouraging that he recognized the dangers facing the company.
140、-ion/ation. n. == 表示动作或过程（名词后缀，即加在动词后面把动词转化为名词）
①indication指示：indicate指示+ion表示动作→indication指示
Did they giveyou any indication?
②relaxation放松：relax放松+ion表示过程→relaxation放松
Fishing is hisfavorite relaxation.
③perfection完美无缺：perfect完美的+ion表示过程→perfection完美无缺
The designapproximates perfection.
141、-ish. a. == 有…的性质、特点
①childish幼稚的：child儿童+ish有…的性质、特点→childish具有孩子般的气质的即幼稚的
The little girlspoke in a high childish voice.
②bookish书生气的：book书+ish有…的性质、特点→bookish具有书一般的特性的即书生气的
He alsocriticized the concepts, methods, and goals of the bookish scholars.
③devilish魔鬼似的：devil魔鬼+ish有…的性质、特点→devilish具有魔鬼一般的特性即魔鬼似的
He is ahandsome man with devilish charm.
142、-ism. n. == …主义
①capitalism资本主义：capital资本+ism…主义→capitalism资本主义
Capitalism isbased on private ownership.
②adventurism冒险主义：adventure冒险+ism…主义→adventurism冒险主义
We are opposedto adventurism.
③opportunism机会主义：opportunity机会+ism…主义→opportunism机会主义
But on socialissues, he is accused of opportunism.
143、-ist.
n. == 1)相信、信任 2)…方面的专家
①romanticist浪漫主义作家：romanticism浪漫主义+ist…方面的专家→romanticist在写浪漫主义风格方面是专家即浪漫主义作家
NathanielHawthorne was the pioneer of romanticist and psychoanalytic novels in thehistory of American literature.
纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国文学史上的浪漫主义小说和心理分析小说的开创者.
②economist经济学家：economy经济+ist…方面的专家→economist在经济方面的专家即经济学家
Thefamous economist gave us a speech.
③nationalist民族主义者：national国家的、民族的+ist相信、信任→nationalist信任民族的即民族主义者
Atrue nationalist places his country above everything.
144、-istic. a. == 充满…
①realistic现实的：real真实的、现实的+istic充满→realistic充满现实即现实的
He was realistic aboutdifficulties.
②artistic艺术的：art艺术+istic充满→artistic充满艺术即艺术的
We aredisciples of the artistic leader.
我们是那位艺术领袖的追随者。
③humanistic人道的：human人类+istic充满→humanistic人道的
You don't needa humanistic education in order to become a herdsman.
要成为一个牧人，你不需要接受人文主义的教育。
145、-ive. a. == 倾向于，有…的倾向；有…的特性、性质、特点
①instructive有教育意义的：instruct讲授、教导、指导+ive有…的特性、性质、特点→instructive有教导性质的即有教育意义的
Both formationsprovide instructive early examples of integration.
两者的成立提供了一体化的有益的先例。
②offensive进攻性的：offend触怒、得罪、冒犯+ive倾向于→offensive倾向于冒犯别人的即具有进攻性的
His remarkswere rather offensive. 他的话非常无礼。
③constructive建设性的：construct建设+ive有…的特性、性质、特点→constructive具有建设性质的即建设性的
Give constructive criticismand suggestions.提出建设性的批评和建议。
146、-ize. v. == 使/让…成为，导致…成为
①realize实现：real真实的、现实的+ize使/让…成为→realize让…成为现实即实现
My wishes havebeen realized.
②organize组织：organ机构、器官+ize使/让…成为→organize让…成为成为一个机构引申为组织
The meeting wasbadly organized.
③popularize普及，推广：popular流行的、大众化的+ize使/让…成为→popularize让…流行，让…成为大众化的东西即普及，推广
We should popularize scienceon a great scale.
147、-less. a. == 没有
①jobless失业的：job工作+less没有→jobless没有工作的即失业的
Nearly 1million are estimated to be jobless.
②tireless不倦的：tire疲劳+less没有→tireless没有疲劳的即不倦的
He was aboveall a good and tireless writer.
他首先是位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。
③countless数不清的：count数+less没有→countless没有数的即数不清的
There are countless starsin the sky.
148、-let. n. == 小的
①booklet小册子：book书+let小的→booklet很小的书即小册子
It is all rightto write the essay in your booklet.
②townlet小镇：town城镇+let小的→townlet小镇
The blossom ofeconomy change this silence townlet to downtown area.
经济的迅速发展使这个寂静的小镇成为闹市。
③houselet小房子：house房子+let小的→houselet小房子
She built ahouselet for her cat.
149、-like. a. == 有…的特性、性质、特点
①childlike孩子般的：child孩子+like有…的特性、性质、特点→childlike有孩子一样的特点即孩子般的
He retained a childlike senseof wonder. 他仍然有一种孩子般的好奇感。
②warlike好战的：war战争+like有…的特性、性质、特点→warlike带有战争的性质的即好战的
The Spartanswere a warlike people. 斯巴达人是尚武的民族.
③businesslike事务式的，有条理的：business商务+like有…的特性、性质、特点→businesslike具有商务特点的即事务式的，有条理的
The talks werefrank and businesslike. 会谈是坦率的,讲究实效的。
150、-logy/-ology. n. == 有关…的学科，研究…
①sociology社会学：society社会+ology有关…的学科→sociology有关社会的学科即社会学
Economics and sociology aresocial sciences.
②ecology生态学：eco-生态的+logy有关…的学科→ecology有关生态的学科即生态学
Ecology helpsus understand complex problems.
③methodology方法论：method方法+ology研究…→methodology专门研究方法的即方法论
Projectparticipants may propose a new monitoring methodology.
项目参与者可以提出一种新的监测方法学。