JSBridge交互原理详解_iOS&h5

注:本文需同时了解iOS和h5相关开发技能开发者查看,此处以h5调iOS客户端为例

iOS调h5,流程比较简单,此处不做分析

简介:

当前移动互联背景下,移动应用市场越来越小,基本都是各大厂和政府的利民软件才能存活,为了提高效率,节约成本,小一点的公司,直接跨平台开发,什么Flutter,React用起来,UI干着产品的活,公司全员都是测试,开发没有技能限制,都得会,所以移动开发人员的生存空间也越来越小,市场也已经卷的不成样子。大点的公司在用户体验上要求稍微高点,会给原生留出一丝生存空间,但在大环境下,嵌入H5是必不可少的。而大量交互,用原生方法或多或少会有些问题,而且开发起来也比较复杂,因此大多采用JSBridage。对于JSBridge,可能有些人会陌生,大多数人也只是会用,其实会用就够了。那么为什么还要去了解其原理呢,还不都是为了不被卷。
另:本文如有不当之处,还请指出

1,iOS客户端注册js方法

注册js方法时,会以方法名为key,并同时生成一个block作为回调函数,作为value,存储在一个全局的字典中。

1,iOS 注册js方法

[_bridge registerHandler:@"testObjcCallback" handler:^(id data, WVJBResponseCallback responseCallback) {
    NSLog(@"testObjcCallback called: %@", data);
    responseCallback(@"Response from testObjcCallback");
}];

2,全局字典保存相关数据

- (void)registerHandler:(NSString *)handlerName handler:(WVJBHandler)handler {
    _base.messageHandlers[handlerName] = [handler copy];
}

2,客户端加载网页,h5开始加载jsbridge.js文件

在jsbridge.js文件中,iframe控件会被注入,其内src里https://bridge_loaded 地址会被执行加载

jsbridge.js文件

function setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(callback) {
if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge)
{
    return callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge);
}
if (window.WVJBCallbacks) {
    return window.WVJBCallbacks.push(callback);
}
window.WVJBCallbacks = [callback];
var WVJBIframe = document.createElement('iframe');
WVJBIframe.style.display = 'none';
WVJBIframe.src = 'https://__bridge_loaded__';
document.documentElement.appendChild(WVJBIframe);
setTimeout(function() { document.documentElement.removeChild(WVJBIframe) }, 0)
}

setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(function(bridge) {
bridge.registerHandler('testJavascriptHandler', function(data, responseCallback) {
    responseCallback("回调客户端数据");
})
bridge.callHandler('testObjcCallback', {'foo': 'bar'}, function(response) {
    
    //response为客户端传入数据
})
})

3,iOS端第一次拦截地址

1,在jsbridge库中,WKWebviewBridge文件(UIWebView已被舍弃,不做考虑),在webview将要加载一个链接的代理中,会对加载地址判断,当收到https://bridge_loaded/ 连接后,对其拦截。

截屏2021-06-18 23.51.30.png

injectJavascriptFile 方法生成js代码

- (void)injectJavascriptFile {
NSString *js = WebViewJavascriptBridge_js();
[self _evaluateJavascript:js];
if (self.startupMessageQueue) {
    NSArray* queue = self.startupMessageQueue;
    self.startupMessageQueue = nil;
    for (id queuedMessage in queue) {
        [self _dispatchMessage:queuedMessage];
    }
}
}

2,库内会生成一段js代码,其内包含多个方法,registerHandler,callHandler,_fetchQueue,_handleMessageFromObjc等。

window.WebViewJavascriptBridge = {
 registerHandler: registerHandler,
 callHandler: callHandler,
 disableJavscriptAlertBoxSafetyTimeout: disableJavscriptAlertBoxSafetyTimeout,
 _fetchQueue: _fetchQueue,
 _handleMessageFromObjC: _handleMessageFromObjC
     
 };

3,此js代码向h5注入,赋值给Window的WebViewJavascriptBridge属性。

截屏2021-06-18 23.59.30.png

4,h5执行callHandler方法

bridge.callHandler('testObjcCallback', {'foo': 'bar'},  function(response) {            
log('JS got response', response)
})

5,在callHandler方法里会调用_doSend()函数

function callHandler(handlerName, data, responseCallback) {
     if (arguments.length == 2 && typeof data == 'function') {
         responseCallback = data; data = null;
         
     }
     _doSend({
     handlerName:handlerName, data:data
     }, responseCallback);
     
 }

6,js代码包含另一个iframe为message传递,src为https://_wvjb_queue_message/ 类型
_doSend函数会执行message 的iframe

function _doSend(message, responseCallback) {
     if (responseCallback) {
         var callbackId = 'cb_'+(uniqueId++)+'_'+new Date().getTime();
         responseCallbacks[callbackId] = responseCallback;
         message['callbackId'] = callbackId;
         
     }
     sendMessageQueue.push(message);
     messagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://' + QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE;
     
 }

4,iOS客户端第二次拦截地址

1,当遇到https://_wvjb_queue_message/链接后链接

截屏2021-06-19 00.01.10.png

2,调用js代码注入中的WebViewJavascriptBridge.fetchQueue();方法


截屏2021-06-19 00.02.55.png

方法回调中包含h5调用callhandler的方法名,参数和callbackid。


截屏2021-06-19 00.06.32.png

3,h5执行WebViewJavascriptBridge.fetchQueue()函数

function _fetchQueue() {
     var messageQueueString = JSON.stringify(sendMessageQueue);
     sendMessageQueue = [];
     return messageQueueString;
     
 }

sendMessageQueue的内容,在_doSend()函数执行的后,把message,即h5要传的参数,push进去了。
4,iOS客户端根据方法名去除全局保存的函数,并调用把callbackid,data传递过去。


截屏2021-06-19 00.07.57.png

5,客户端在此时执行自己第一步注册的js方法的回调处理自有业务逻辑。


截屏2021-06-19 00.10.31.png

5,iOS回调h5

1,客户端处理之后,把相应结果,通过responseCallBacke继续回调


截屏2021-06-19 00.11.51.png

2,客户端调用注入的js代码中的WebViewJavascriptBridge._handleMessageFromObjC(data)方法

data的数据类型为
{
"responseId":"callbackid",
"responseData":"回调数据"
}

截屏2021-06-19 00.15.43.png

3,h5执行_handleMessageFromObjC函数,通过responseid,找到对应callhander函数的回调

6,h5处理回调数据

1,h5执行_handleMessageFromObjC方法,找到对应callHandler的方法,删除客户端回调数据中的responseId

 function _handleMessageFromObjC(messageJSON) {
     _dispatchMessageFromObjC(messageJSON);
     
 }
function _dispatchMessageFromObjC(messageJSON) {
     if (dispatchMessagesWithTimeoutSafety) {
         setTimeout(_doDispatchMessageFromObjC);
         
     } else {
         _doDispatchMessageFromObjC();
         
     }
     function _doDispatchMessageFromObjC() {
         var message = JSON.parse(messageJSON);
         var messageHandler;
         var responseCallback;
         if (message.responseId) {
             responseCallback = responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
             if (!responseCallback) {
                 return;
             }
             responseCallback(message.responseData);
             
             delete responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
             
         } else {
             if (message.callbackId) {
                 var callbackResponseId = message.callbackId;
                 responseCallback = function(responseData) {
                     _doSend({
                     handlerName:message.handlerName,
                     responseId:callbackResponseId,
                         responseData:responseData });
                     
                 };
                 
             }
             var handler = messageHandlers[message.handlerName];
             if (!handler) {
                 console.log("WebViewJavascriptBridge: WARNING: no handler for message from ObjC:", message);
                 
             } else {
                 handler(message.data, responseCallback);
                 
             }
             
         }
         
     }
     
 }

2,_handleMessageFromObjC方法回调,此时h5中的res后的函数执行,处理h5相关业务逻辑。

bridge.callHandler('testObjcCallback', {'foo': 'bar'}, function(response) {
            
//处理h5相关业务          
})

此时,一次完整的交互流程结束

完整注入的js代码如下

  ; (function() {
if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) {
    return;
    
}
if (!window.onerror) {
    window.onerror = function(msg, url, line) {
        console.log("WebViewJavascriptBridge: ERROR:" + msg + "@" + url + ":" + line);
        
    }
    
}
window.WebViewJavascriptBridge = {
    registerHandler: registerHandler,
    callHandler: callHandler,
    disableJavscriptAlertBoxSafetyTimeout: disableJavscriptAlertBoxSafetyTimeout,
    _fetchQueue: _fetchQueue,
    _handleMessageFromObjC: _handleMessageFromObjC
    
};
var messagingIframe;
var sendMessageQueue = [];
var messageHandlers = {};
var CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME = 'https';
var QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE = '__wvjb_queue_message__';
var responseCallbacks = {};
var uniqueId = 1;
var dispatchMessagesWithTimeoutSafety = true;
function registerHandler(handlerName, handler) {
    messageHandlers[handlerName] = handler;
    
}
function callHandler(handlerName, data, responseCallback) {
    if (arguments.length == 2 && typeof data == 'function') {
        responseCallback = data; data = null;
        
    } _doSend({
        handlerName:handlerName, data:data
        
    }, responseCallback);
    
}
function disableJavscriptAlertBoxSafetyTimeout() {
    dispatchMessagesWithTimeoutSafety = false;
    
}
function _doSend(message, responseCallback) {
    if (responseCallback) {
        var callbackId = 'cb_'+(uniqueId++)+'_'+new Date().getTime();
        responseCallbacks[callbackId] = responseCallback;
        message['callbackId'] = callbackId;
        
    }
    sendMessageQueue.push(message);
    messagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://' + QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE;
    
}
function _fetchQueue() {
    var messageQueueString = JSON.stringify(sendMessageQueue);
    sendMessageQueue = [];
    return messageQueueString;
    
}
function _dispatchMessageFromObjC(messageJSON) {
    if (dispatchMessagesWithTimeoutSafety) {
        setTimeout(_doDispatchMessageFromObjC);
        
    } else {
        _doDispatchMessageFromObjC();
        
    }
    function _doDispatchMessageFromObjC() {
        var message = JSON.parse(messageJSON);
        var messageHandler;
        var responseCallback;
        if (message.responseId) {
            responseCallback = responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
            if (!responseCallback) {
                return;
            }
            responseCallback(message.responseData);
            
            delete responseCallbacks[message.responseId];
            
        } else {
            if (message.callbackId) {
                var callbackResponseId = message.callbackId;
                responseCallback = function(responseData) {
                    _doSend({
                        handlerName:message.handlerName,
                        responseId:callbackResponseId,
                        responseData:responseData });
                    
                };
                
            }
            var handler = messageHandlers[message.handlerName];
            if (!handler) {
                console.log("WebViewJavascriptBridge: WARNING: no handler for message from ObjC:", message);
                
            } else {
                handler(message.data, responseCallback);
                
            }
            
        }
        
    }
    
}
function _handleMessageFromObjC(messageJSON) {
    _dispatchMessageFromObjC(messageJSON);
    
}
messagingIframe = document.createElement('iframe');
messagingIframe.style.display = 'none';
messagingIframe.src = CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_SCHEME + '://' + QUEUE_HAS_MESSAGE;
document.documentElement.appendChild(messagingIframe);
registerHandler("_disableJavascriptAlertBoxSafetyTimeout", disableJavscriptAlertBoxSafetyTimeout);
setTimeout(_callWVJBCallbacks, 0);
function _callWVJBCallbacks() {
    var callbacks = window.WVJBCallbacks;
    delete window.WVJBCallbacks;
    for (var i=0; i
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