DES (Data Encryption Standard)是一种使用56位密钥对64位长分组进行加密的密码,是一种迭代算法。
DES对明文中每个分组的加密过程都包含16轮,且每轮的操作都完全相同。每轮使用不同的子密钥,但是子密钥是从主密钥中推导而来。
F函数
等
- 示例:明文的二进制为:
0100100101001100010011110101011001000101010110010100111101010101
(ILOVEYOU:每个字符以8位转换)- 那么明文的第 1 为 0 需要置换为第 58 位的值,即 1,同理每一位按置换表重新排列。
- 故:IP置换后的数为:
1111111110101000110111101111010100000000000000000110011101001100
- 同理IP逆置换也是一样的操作。
初始数据置换表IP
[ 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 2 60 52 44 36 28 20 12 4 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 6 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 3 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 5 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 7 ] \begin{bmatrix} 58&50&42&34&26&18&10&2&\\ 60&52&44&36&28&20&12&4&\\ 62&54&46&38&30&22&14&6&\\ 64&56&48&40&32&24&16&8&\\ 57&49&41&33&25&17&9&1&\\ 59&51&43&35&27&19&11&3&\\ 61&53&45&37&29&21&13&5&\\ 63&55&47&39&31&23&15&7 \end{bmatrix} 58606264575961635052545649515355424446484143454734363840333537392628303225272931182022241719212310121416911131524681357
最终置换表IP_1
(逆置换表)
[ 40 8 48 16 56 24 64 32 39 7 47 15 55 23 63 31 38 6 46 14 54 22 62 30 37 5 45 13 53 21 61 29 36 4 44 12 52 20 60 28 35 3 43 11 51 19 59 27 34 2 42 10 50 18 58 26 33 1 41 9 49 17 57 25 ] \begin{bmatrix}40&8&48&16&56&24&64&32&\\ 39&7&47&15&55&23&63&31&\\ 38&6&46&14&54&22&62&30&\\ 37&5&45&13&53&21&61&29&\\ 36&4&44&12&52&20&60&28&\\ 35&3&43&11&51&19&59&27&\\ 34&2&42&10&50&18&58&26&\\ 33&1&41&9&49&17&57&25 \end{bmatrix} 40393837363534338765432148474645444342411615141312111095655545352515049242322212019181764636261605958573231302928272625
# 按照给定的置换表进行置换
def replace(self, table: str, replace_table: list) -> str:
new_table = ""
for i in replace_table:
# 因为列表的索引是从0开始的,而替换表中的位置索引是从1开始的,所以需要进行减1的操作。
new_table += table[i - 1]
return new_table
DES的密钥每个字节的第8位作为奇偶校验位(8,16,24,32,40,48,56和64),密钥实际有效位为56位。
56位密钥由以下的密钥初始置换表(PC_1)置换默认密钥获得。
[ 57 49 41 33 25 17 9 1 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 2 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 3 60 52 44 36 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 7 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 6 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 5 28 20 12 4 ] \begin{bmatrix}57&49&41&33&25&17&9&\\ 1&58&50&42&34&26&18&\\ 10&2&59&51&43&35&27&\\ 19&11&3&60&52&44&36&\\ 63&55&47&39&31&23&15&\\ 7&62&54&46&38&30&22&\\ 14&6&61&53&45&37&29&\\ 21&13&5&28&20&12&4 \end{bmatrix} 57110196371421495821155626134150593475461533425160394653282534435231384520172635442330371291827361522294
每一轮的子密钥由这56位密钥产生,生成方法如下:
移动后,又从56位中选出48位(没有9,18,22,25,35,39,43,54)。通过置换,最终确定子密钥,这个过程称为密钥压缩置换。密钥压缩置换表PC_2如下:
[ 14 17 11 24 1 5 3 28 15 6 21 10 23 19 12 4 26 8 16 7 27 20 13 2 41 52 31 37 47 55 30 40 51 45 33 48 44 49 39 56 34 53 46 42 50 36 29 32 ] \begin{bmatrix}14&17&11&24&1&5&\\ 3&28&15&6&21&10&\\ 23&19&12&4&26&8&\\ 16&7&27&20&13&2&\\ 41&52&31&37&47&55&\\ 30&40&51&45&33&48&\\ 44&49&39&56&34&53&\\ 46&42&50&36&29&32 \end{bmatrix} 1432316413044461728197524049421115122731513950246420374556361212613473334295108255485332
# 返回加密过程中16轮的子密钥
def get_sonkey(self):
# 56位密钥由密钥初始置换表(PC_1)置换默认密钥获得
key = self.replace(self.K, self.PC_1)
# 将56位的密钥分成两部分,每部分28位
left_key = key[0:28]
right_key = key[28:56]
# 存储子密钥
keys = []
for i in range(0, 16):
# 由轮换表确定当前轮次的移动次数
move = self.k0[i]
# 对左右部分分别进行移位操作
move_left = left_key[move:28] + left_key[0:move]
move_right = right_key[move:28] + right_key[0:move]
# 更新left_key和right_key
left_key = move_left
right_key = move_right
# 合并形成当前轮次的子密钥
move_key = left_key + right_key
# 按照密钥压缩置换表(PC_2)进行置换,得到长度为48位的子密钥ki,并将其添加到keys列表中。
ki = self.replace(move_key, self.PC_2)
keys.append(ki)
# 返回加密过程中的16轮子密钥。
return keys
由流程图可以得知 F 函数参数有 R n R_n Rn 以及 K n K_n Kn。 R n R_n Rn的长度是32位, K n K_n Kn的长度是48( K n K_n Kn即为每一轮的子密钥)。
每一次迭代
F函数
将IP置换后获得的右半部分Rn,将32位输入扩展为48位(分为4位×8组)输出,生成与密钥相同长度的数据以进行异或运算。
E扩展表如下:
[ 32 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 32 1 ] \begin{bmatrix}32&1&2&3&4&5&\\ 4&5&6&7&8&9&\\ 8&9&10&11&12&13&\\ 12&13&14&15&16&17&\\ 16&17&18&19&20&21&\\ 20&21&22&23&24&25&\\ 24&25&26&27&28&29&\\ 28&29&30&31&32&1 \end{bmatrix} 3248121620242815913172125292610141822263037111519232731481216202428325913172125291
扩展置换之后,右半部分数据 R n R_n Rn变为48位,与密钥置换得到的48位子密钥进行异或操作。
# 异或操作
def xor(self, xor1: str, xor2: str):
size = len(xor1)
result = ""
for i in range(0, size):
result += '0' if xor1[i] == xor2[i] else '1'
return result
经过扩展的48位明文和48位密钥进行异或运算后,再使用8个S盒压缩处理得到32位数据
将48位分为8*6位
每个S盒都是一个4行16列的表,盒中的每一项都是一个4位的数。
8*6位中第几个6位就对应第几个盒子。
6个输入确定了其对应的输出在哪一行哪一列,输入的首尾比特为行数H,中间四位比特为列数L,在S盒中查找第H行L列对应的数据。
代替过程产生8个4位的分组,在最后组合在一起形成32位数据。
# S盒代替
def s_box(self, xor_result: str):
result = ""
# 迭代8轮,每轮处理6位二进制数据
for i in range(0, 8):
# 将48位数据分为8组,每组6位,循环进行
block = xor_result[i * 6:(i + 1) * 6]
# 首尾比特得行数(十进制)
line = int(block[0] + block[5], 2)
# 中间四位比特得列数(十进制)
column = int(block[1:4], 2)
# 在S盒中查找,将所查到的十进制数转为二进制并通过[2:]切片去除二进制字符串的前缀"0b"
res = bin(self.S[i][line * column])[2:]
if len(res) < 4:
# 如果结果的长度不足4位,则在左边用'0'进行填充
res = '0' * (4 - len(res)) + res
result += res
# result中存储了经过S盒替换后的32位二进制数据
return result
F函数
# F函数,进行E扩展,与key异或操作,S盒替代及P盒置换操作后返回32位01字符串
def F_function(self, right: str, key: str):
# 对right进行E扩展
e_result = self.replace(right, self.E)
# 与key 进行异或操作
xor_result = self.xor(e_result, key)
# 进入S盒子
s_result = self.s_box(xor_result)
# 进行P置换
p_result = self.replace(s_result, self.P)
return p_result
迭代实现
# 16轮迭代加密
def iteration(self, bin_plaintext: str, key_list: list):
# 分组切分
left = bin_plaintext[0:32]
right = bin_plaintext[32:64]
for i in range(0, 16):
# L(n) = R(n-1)
# R(n) = L(n-1)⊕F(R(n-1),K(n))
next_left = right
f_result = self.F_function(right, key_list[i])
next_right = self.xor(left, f_result)
left = next_left
right = next_right
# 注意看!这里最后R在左边,L在右边
return right + left
加密函数
# DES加密函数
def encrypt(self, plaintext):
# 将给定明文转换为二进制
plaintext_2 = self.convert_to_2(plaintext)
# 将二进制明文分为64位一组的块
plaintext_block = self.get_block(plaintext_2)
# 存储加密后的分组
ciphertext_block = []
# 获取生成的16个子密钥列表
key_list = self.get_sonkey()
for block in plaintext_block:
# 初代IP置换
replaced_IP = self.replace(block, self.IP)
# 16轮迭代操作
ite_result = self.iteration(replaced_IP, key_list)
# 逆IP置换
replaced_IP_1 = self.replace(ite_result, self.IP_1)
# 密文块replaced_IP_1添加到ciphertext_block列表中,以便后续拼接
ciphertext_block.append(replaced_IP_1)
ciphertext = ''.join(ciphertext_block)
return ciphertext
解密函数
#DES解密函数
def decrypt(self, ciphertext):
# 存储解密后的分组
plaintext_block = []
# 获取生成的16个子密钥列表
key_list = self.get_sonkey()
# 解密时密钥的使用顺序与加密时的顺序应当相反。
key_list = key_list[::-1]
# 将二进制密文分为64位一组的块
ciphertext_block = [ciphertext[i:i + 64] for i in range(0, len(ciphertext), 64)]
for block in ciphertext_block:
# 初代IP置换
replaced_IP = self.replace(block, self.IP)
# 16轮迭代操作
ite = self.iteration(replaced_IP, key_list)
# 逆IP置换
replaced_IP_1 = self.replace(ite, self.IP_1)
# 明文块replaced_IP_1添加到plaintext_block列表中,以便后续拼接
plaintext_block.append(replaced_IP_1)
# 拼接,并移除其中的所有全零块。
# 消除加密过程中可能引入的填充块,使得最终的二进制明文表示更加紧凑和直观。
plaintext = ''.join(plaintext_block).replace('00000000', '')
# 将二进制明文转为字符串返回
return self.convert_to_str(plaintext)
完整代码
class DES():
# 初始化DES加密的参数
def __init__(self):
# 初始数据置换表IP,用于初始IP置换
self.IP = [
58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,
60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4,
62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6,
64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8,
57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1,
59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,
61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5,
63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7,
]
# 密钥初始置换表PC_1,用于获得最初的56位密钥
self.PC_1 = [
57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9,
1, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18,
10, 2, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27,
19, 11, 3, 60, 52, 44, 36,
63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15,
7, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22,
14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29,
21, 13, 5, 28, 20, 12, 4,
]
# 密钥压缩置换表PC_2,用于获得子密钥
self.PC_2 = [
14, 17, 11, 24, 1, 5, 3, 28,
15, 6, 21, 10, 23, 19, 12, 4,
26, 8, 16, 7, 27, 20, 13, 2,
41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55, 30, 40,
51, 45, 33, 48, 44, 49, 39, 56,
34, 53, 46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32,
]
# 密钥每一轮的对应左移位数
self.k0 = [1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, ]
# E扩展表,用于将右半部分数据Rn从32位置换成48位
self.E = [
32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1,
]
# S盒,将48位数据代替为32位数据
self.S = [
[
14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7,
0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8,
4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0,
15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13,
],
[
15, 1, 8, 14, 6, 11, 3, 4, 9, 7, 2, 13, 12, 0, 5, 10,
3, 13, 4, 7, 15, 2, 8, 14, 12, 0, 1, 10, 6, 9, 11, 5,
0, 14, 7, 11, 10, 4, 13, 1, 5, 8, 12, 6, 9, 3, 2, 15,
13, 8, 10, 1, 3, 15, 4, 2, 11, 6, 7, 12, 0, 5, 14, 9,
],
[
10, 0, 9, 14, 6, 3, 15, 5, 1, 13, 12, 7, 11, 4, 2, 8,
13, 7, 0, 9, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8, 5, 14, 12, 11, 15, 1,
13, 6, 4, 9, 8, 15, 3, 0, 11, 1, 2, 12, 5, 10, 14, 7,
1, 10, 13, 0, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 15, 14, 3, 11, 5, 2, 12,
],
[
7, 13, 14, 3, 0, 6, 9, 10, 1, 2, 8, 5, 11, 12, 4, 15,
13, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 0, 3, 4, 7, 2, 12, 1, 10, 14, 9,
10, 6, 9, 0, 12, 11, 7, 13, 15, 1, 3, 14, 5, 2, 8, 4,
3, 15, 0, 6, 10, 1, 13, 8, 9, 4, 5, 11, 12, 7, 2, 14,
],
[
2, 12, 4, 1, 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 15, 13, 0, 14, 9,
14, 11, 2, 12, 4, 7, 13, 1, 5, 0, 15, 10, 3, 9, 8, 6,
4, 2, 1, 11, 10, 13, 7, 8, 15, 9, 12, 5, 6, 3, 0, 14,
11, 8, 12, 7, 1, 14, 2, 13, 6, 15, 0, 9, 10, 4, 5, 3,
],
[
12, 1, 10, 15, 9, 2, 6, 8, 0, 13, 3, 4, 14, 7, 5, 11,
10, 15, 4, 2, 7, 12, 9, 5, 6, 1, 13, 14, 0, 11, 3, 8,
9, 14, 15, 5, 2, 8, 12, 3, 7, 0, 4, 10, 1, 13, 11, 6,
4, 3, 2, 12, 9, 5, 15, 10, 11, 14, 1, 7, 6, 0, 8, 13,
],
[
4, 11, 2, 14, 15, 0, 8, 13, 3, 12, 9, 7, 5, 10, 6, 1,
13, 0, 11, 7, 4, 9, 1, 10, 14, 3, 5, 12, 2, 15, 8, 6,
1, 4, 11, 13, 12, 3, 7, 14, 10, 15, 6, 8, 0, 5, 9, 2,
6, 11, 13, 8, 1, 4, 10, 7, 9, 5, 0, 15, 14, 2, 3, 12,
],
[
13, 2, 8, 4, 6, 15, 11, 1, 10, 9, 3, 14, 5, 0, 12, 7,
1, 15, 13, 8, 10, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 6, 11, 0, 14, 9, 2,
7, 11, 4, 1, 9, 12, 14, 2, 0, 6, 10, 13, 15, 3, 5, 8,
2, 1, 14, 7, 4, 10, 8, 13, 15, 12, 9, 0, 3, 5, 6, 11,
],
]
# P盒置换表,S盒代替运算的32位输出按照P盒进行置换
self.P = [
16, 7, 20, 21,
29, 12, 28, 17,
1, 15, 23, 26,
5, 18, 31, 10,
2, 8, 24, 14,
32, 27, 3, 9,
19, 13, 30, 6,
22, 11, 4, 25,
]
# 最终置换表IP_1,用于逆置换
self.IP_1 = [
40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32,
39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31,
38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30,
37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29,
36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28,
35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27,
34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26,
33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25,
]
# 设置默认密钥
self.K = '0110000101100010011000110110010001000001010000100100001101000100'
# 进制转换——字符串转为二进制
def convert_to_2(self, string: str) -> str:
# 将字符串转成bytes类型,再转成list
str_list = list(bytes(string, 'utf8'))
result = []
for num in str_list:
# 用bin(num)将当前字节转换为二进制,然后使用[2:]切片操作去掉二进制字符串前面的"0b"标识。
# 用zfill(8)函数给二进制字符串添加前导零,确保二进制字符串长度为8位
# 一个字节由8个二进制位组成,保持一致性
result.append(bin(num)[2:].zfill(8))
# 将结果列表中的所有二进制字符串连接
return "".join(result)
# 进制转换——二进制转成字符串
def convert_to_str(self, binary: str) -> str:
# 将二进制字符串分组,每8位为一组
bin_list = [binary[i:i + 8] for i in range(0, len(binary), 8)]
# 存储每个8位二进制数字所代表的整数值
list_int = []
for b in bin_list:
# 将当前8位二进制数转换为对应的十进制整数
list_int.append(int(b, 2))
# 将整数列表转换为字节序列,再解码得到字符串
result = bytes(list_int).decode()
return result
# 对明文二进制进行分块,每64位为一块
def get_block(self, binary: str) -> list:
# 首先获取给定二进制字符串的长度
len_binary = len(binary)
if len_binary % 64 != 0:
# 如果不能整除,说明按每64块分块不能刚好分块,需要添加前导零。
new_binary = ("0" * (64 - (len_binary % 64))) + binary
# 分块
return [new_binary[i:i + 64] for i in range(0, len(new_binary), 64)]
else:
# 能被64整除,就不用补零,直接分块
return [binary[j:j + 64] for j in range(0, len(binary), 64)]
# 按照给定的置换表进行置换
def replace(self, table: str, replace_table: list) -> str:
new_table = ""
for i in replace_table:
# 因为列表的索引是从0开始的,而替换表中的位置索引是从1开始的,所以需要进行减1的操作。
new_table += table[i - 1]
return new_table
# 返回加密过程中16轮的子密钥
def get_sonkey(self):
# 56位密钥由密钥初始置换表(PC_1)置换默认密钥获得
key = self.replace(self.K, self.PC_1)
# 将56位的密钥分成两部分,每部分28位
left_key = key[0:28]
right_key = key[28:56]
# 存储子密钥
keys = []
for i in range(0, 16):
# 由轮换表确定当前轮次的移动次数
move = self.k0[i]
# 对左右部分分别进行移位操作
move_left = left_key[move:28] + left_key[0:move]
move_right = right_key[move:28] + right_key[0:move]
# 更新left_key和right_key
left_key = move_left
right_key = move_right
# 合并形成当前轮次的子密钥
move_key = left_key + right_key
# 按照密钥压缩置换表(PC_2)进行置换,得到长度为48位的子密钥ki,并将其添加到keys列表中。
ki = self.replace(move_key, self.PC_2)
keys.append(ki)
# 返回加密过程中的16轮子密钥。
return keys
# 异或操作
def xor(self, xor1: str, xor2: str):
size = len(xor1)
result = ""
for i in range(0, size):
result += '0' if xor1[i] == xor2[i] else '1'
return result
# S盒代替
def s_box(self, xor_result: str):
result = ""
# 迭代8轮,每轮处理6位二进制数据
for i in range(0, 8):
# 将48位数据分为8组,循环进行
block = xor_result[i * 6:(i + 1) * 6]
# 首尾比特得行数
line = int(block[0] + block[5], 2)
# 中间四位比特得列数
column = int(block[1:4], 2)
# 在S盒中查找,将所得转为二进制并通过[2:]切片去除二进制字符串的前缀"0b"
res = bin(self.S[i][line * column])[2:]
if len(res) < 4:
# 如果结果的长度不足4位,则在左边用'0'进行填充
res = '0' * (4 - len(res)) + res
result += res
# result中存储了经过S盒替换后的32位二进制数据
return result
# F函数,进行E扩展,与key异或操作,S盒替代及P盒置换操作后返回32位01字符串
def F_function(self, right: str, key: str):
# 对right进行E扩展
e_result = self.replace(right, self.E)
# 与key 进行异或操作
xor_result = self.xor(e_result, key)
# 进入S盒子
s_result = self.s_box(xor_result)
# 进行P置换
p_result = self.replace(s_result, self.P)
return p_result
# 16轮迭代加密
def iteration(self, bin_plaintext: str, key_list: list):
# 分组切分
left = bin_plaintext[0:32]
right = bin_plaintext[32:64]
for i in range(0, 16):
# L(n) = R(n-1)
# R(n) = L(n-1)⊕F(R(n-1),K(n))
next_left = right
f_result = self.F_function(right, key_list[i])
next_right = self.xor(left, f_result)
left = next_left
right = next_right
# 最后R在左边,L在右边
return right + left
# DES加密函数
def encrypt(self, plaintext):
# 将给定明文转换为二进制
plaintext_2 = self.convert_to_2(plaintext)
# 将二进制明文分为64位一组的块
plaintext_block = self.get_block(plaintext_2)
# 存储加密后的分组
ciphertext_block = []
# 获取生成的16个子密钥列表
key_list = self.get_sonkey()
for block in plaintext_block:
# 初代IP置换
replaced_IP = self.replace(block, self.IP)
# 16轮迭代操作
ite_result = self.iteration(replaced_IP, key_list)
# 逆IP置换
replaced_IP_1 = self.replace(ite_result, self.IP_1)
# 密文块replaced_IP_1添加到ciphertext_block列表中,以便后续拼接
ciphertext_block.append(replaced_IP_1)
ciphertext = ''.join(ciphertext_block)
return ciphertext
#DES解密函数
def decrypt(self, ciphertext):
# 存储解密后的分组
plaintext_block = []
# 获取生成的16个子密钥列表
key_list = self.get_sonkey()
# 解密时密钥的使用顺序与加密时的顺序应当相反。
key_list = key_list[::-1]
# 将二进制密文分为64位一组的块
ciphertext_block = [ciphertext[i:i + 64] for i in range(0, len(ciphertext), 64)]
for block in ciphertext_block:
# 初代IP置换
replaced_IP = self.replace(block, self.IP)
# 16轮迭代操作
ite = self.iteration(replaced_IP, key_list)
# 逆IP置换
replaced_IP_1 = self.replace(ite, self.IP_1)
# 明文块replaced_IP_1添加到plaintext_block列表中,以便后续拼接
plaintext_block.append(replaced_IP_1)
# 拼接,并移除其中的所有全零块。
# 消除加密过程中可能引入的填充块,使得最终的二进制明文表示更加紧凑和直观。
plaintext = ''.join(plaintext_block).replace('00000000', '')
# 将二进制明文转为字符串返回
return self.convert_to_str(plaintext)
def main(self):
select = input("加密(1) or 解密(2)\n")
if select == '1':
plaintext = input("输入要加密的明文:")
ciphertext = self.encrypt(plaintext)
print("加密得:{}".format(ciphertext))
elif select == '2':
plaintext = input("输入要解密的密文:")
plaintext = self.decrypt(plaintext)
print("解密得:{}".format(plaintext))
else:
input("重新选择!")
self.main()
if __name__ == '__main__':
DES = DES()
while True:
DES.main()
print("")
100001010011101100000001000001100010100000101110000010001011100001010101000101100100000001110110001000000100001000111101101110010011101000000110101110010000100000110100101001011000010101100000
所得的密文分别是:
def count_different_bits(bin_str1, bin_str2):
# 检查两个二进制字符串长度是否相同
if len(bin_str1) != len(bin_str2):
return -1 # 返回-1代表长度不匹配
# 统计不同位的数量
count = 0
for i in range(len(bin_str1)):
if bin_str1[i] != bin_str2[i]:
count += 1
return count
bin_str1 = "00111001111011111101000110110111010111000101001000110110111010110011100111101111110100011011011101011100010100100011011011101011001110011110111111010001101101110101110001010010001101101110101100111001111011111101000110110111010111000101001000110110111010110011100111101111110100011011011101011100010100100011011011101011001110011110111111010001101101110101110001010010001101101110101100111001111011111101000110110111010111000101001000110110111010110011100111101111110100011011011101011100010100100011011011101011"
bin_str2 = "10011001010101001001000000001100100011100101100011011000001100010011100111101111110100011011011101011100010100100011011011101011001110011110111111010001101101110101110001010010001101101110101100111001111011111101000110110111010111000101001000110110111010110011100111101111110100011011011101011100010100100011011011101011001110011110111111010001101101110101110001010010001101101110101100111001111011111101000110110111010111000101001000110110111010110011100111101111110100011011011101011100010100100011011011101011"
result = count_different_bits(bin_str1, bin_str2)
print("这两个二进制序列有", result, "位不同。")
若发现错误,欢迎评论区讨论!!
参考博客及视频: