Java定时任务(二):quartz调度框架


Quartz是OpenSymphony开源组织在任务调度领域的一个开源项目,完全基于Java实现。Quartz具备以下特点:

  • 强大的调度功能,例如支持丰富多样的调度方法,可以满足各种常规及特殊需求
  • 灵活的应用方式,例如支持任务和调度的多种组合方式,支持调度数据的多种存储方式;
  • 集群能力
  • 能够很轻易的就与spring集成在一起

一、基础配置

1. 引入jar包

     
        
            org.quartz-scheduler
            quartz
            2.2.3
        
        
            org.quartz-scheduler
            quartz-jobs
            2.2.3
        

2. xml配置




    
    
        
        
        
    

    

    
    
        
        
        
        
        
    

    
    
        
            
        
        
        
            
                
                
            
        
        
    

使用quartz需要配置job、trigger、scheduler,其中:

job:任务的执行类,需要在xml中指明名称、组别和类
trigger:任务的触发器,需要指明名称、组别以及关联的job。一个触发器只能对应一个job;触发器有两种,分别为CronTriggerFactoryBean和SimpleTriggerFactoryBean,前者支持cron表达式,后者只支持一些简单的配置。
scheduler:调度器,需要将trigger配置在scheduler的triggers中,可以配置多个。这里自定义实现了jobFactory,可以在job中自动注入spring bean;applicationContextSchedulerContextKey属性用于在job中获取spring 的上下文

3. 代码清单

3.1. 定义SpringBeanJobFactory

package com.sawyer.job;

import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SpringBeanJobFactory;

public class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory;

    public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext context) {
        beanFactory = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
    }

    @Override
    public Object createJobInstance(final TriggerFiredBundle bundle) throws Exception {
        final Object job = super.createJobInstance(bundle);
        beanFactory.autowireBean(job);
        return job;
    }
}

自定义实现了JobFactory,就可以在job中自动注入bean

3.2 AbstractJob

package com.sawyer.job;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

/**
 * 抽象类,job需要继承该类,通过这种方式可以做一些自定义处理
 */
public abstract class AbstractJob implements Job {

    @Override
    public final void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
        try {
            safeExecute(jobExecutionContext);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            JobExecutionException e2 = new JobExecutionException(e);

            if (!ignoreException()) {
                if (isRefireImmediatelyWhenException()) {
                    //立即重新运行当前job
                    e2.setRefireImmediately(true);
                } else {
                    //立即停止与当前Job有关的所有触发器,当前job不会再运行
                    e2.setUnscheduleAllTriggers(true);
                }
            }
            throw e2;
        }
    }


    public abstract void safeExecute(JobExecutionContext context) throws Exception;

    /**
     * 是否忽略job运行时产生的异常
     */
    public abstract boolean ignoreException();

    /**
     * 发生异常时是否立即重新执行JOB或将JOB挂起.
     * 

* * @return {@code true} Job运行产生异常时,立即重新执行JOB.
* {@code false} Job运行产生异常时,挂起JOB等候管理员处理. */ public abstract boolean isRefireImmediatelyWhenException(); }

AbstractJob是一个抽象类,凡是job都应该继承该类,通过这种方式可以job做一些自定义处理。如图中代码所示,AbstractJob中有4个方法:

ignoreException:是否忽略异常,返回true时忽略异常,否则必须处理。
isRefireImmediatelyWhenException:当出现异常时,是否立即重新执行。返回true时,立即重新执行,否则将会挂起所有与该job有关的trigger,不再执行。
safeExecute:子类需要实现该方法,在方法中定义具体的实现逻辑。
execute:接口job的实现方法,job最终是在该方法中执行的。只有这个方法才是Job自带的,其他的都是自定义方法。

3.3 TestJob

package com.sawyer.job;

import org.quartz.DisallowConcurrentExecution;
import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.PersistJobDataAfterExecution;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;

import java.util.Date;

@PersistJobDataAfterExecution
@DisallowConcurrentExecution
public class TestJob extends AbstractJob {

    private static final String COUNT_KEY = "count";

    private static final String APPLICATION_CONTEXT_KEY = "applicationContext";

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Override
    public void safeExecute(JobExecutionContext context) throws Exception {

        //统计执行次数
        JobDataMap jobDataMap = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap();
        int count = 0;
        if (jobDataMap.containsKey(COUNT_KEY)) {
            count = (int) jobDataMap.get(COUNT_KEY);
        }
        count++;
        jobDataMap.put(COUNT_KEY, count);

        //打印出redisTemplate,测试是否能自动注入
        System.out.println("autowiring spring bean :" + redisTemplate);

        //获取spring上下文
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) context.getScheduler().getContext().get(APPLICATION_CONTEXT_KEY);
        System.out.println("spring context :" + applicationContext);
        if (10 == count) {
            int m = 1 / 0;
        }

        System.out.println("********current date :" + new Date() + " and the thread is :" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " and the count is :" + count + " **********");

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isRefireImmediatelyWhenException() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean ignoreException() {
        return false;
    }
}

Quartz默认是支持并发的,即上一个任务未完成的时候就开始了下一个任务,并且每次都是生成一个新的job实例。图中例子由于需要共享count,统计次数,所在TestJob上面加了两个注解@PersistJobDataExecution和@DisallowConcurrentExecution,这是用于持久化JobData和禁用并发的。加了这两个注解就能够让testJob成为一个有状态的job,并且上一次任务执行完后,才开始下一次任务,这样一来就可以通过jobDataMap共享数据,反之,如果不加注解的话,job就是一个无状态的job,每次运行时都会产生一个新的job实例,数据无法共享。而禁用并发是为了防止并发产生数据紊乱的问题。
TestJob中isRefireImmediatelyWhenException和ignoreException都为false,那么当count等于10时,会抛出异常,系统就会将于当前job有关有的所有trigger挂起,不再执行job。

二、Quartz 存储与持久化

Quartz提供了两种作业存储类型,分别为RAMJobSoreJDBCJobStore

RASMJobStore:将作业的调度信息存储到内存中,不需要配置外置数据库,配置简单,运行速度快;但是由于调度信息存储在内存中,当应用程序停止时,作业的调度信息将会丢失,此外一旦作业运行期间崩溃,将无法恢复事故现场,比如原定执行30次,执行到第15次是崩溃了,那么系统重启时,将会从0开始。
JDBCJobStore:将作业的调度信息存储到数据库中,该种方式支持集群,调度信息不会丢失,并且可以手动恢复意外停止的job;但是这种方式会较为复杂。

Quartz默认使用的就是RAMJobStore,下面开始介绍持久化配置

1. 数据表初始化

  • 从官网中下载quartz包:http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/downloads
  • 在quartz-2.2.3/docs/dbTables目录下找到与数据库对应的sql文件,我使用的是mysql数据库,所以这里选择tables.mysql.sql文件,在数据库中执行

2. 引入 quartz.properties ,并根据业务需要进行配置

org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval = 20000
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO
org.quartz.scheduler.skipUpdateCheck = true

# 集群配置
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = DefaultQuartzScheduler
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.export = false
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.proxy = false
org.quartz.scheduler.wrapJobExecutionInUserTransaction = false


# 线程池的实现类
org.quartz.threadPool.class = org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
# 线程数量
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10
# 线程优先级,最大值为10,最小值为1
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = 5
#
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread = true

# 持久化配置
#org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
#org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.HSQLDBDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.scheduler.classLoadHelper.class=org.quartz.simpl.CascadingClassLoadHelper
#org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties = true
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.maxMisfiresToHandleAtATime=1
org.quartz.jobStore.selectWithLockSQL=SELECT * FROM {0}LOCKS UPDLOCK WHERE LOCK_NAME = ?
org.quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold = 60000

#============================================================================
# 配置插件
#============================================================================
#org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.class=org.quartz.plugins.history.LoggingJobHistoryPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.runningListener.class=com.sawyer.job.RunningListenerPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.runningListener.LogRunningInfo=true

如上图所示,在quartz.properties中,配置了一个自定义的插件:com.sawyer.job.RunningListenerPlugin,可以在这里做一些比较有意义的事情。另外就是,我并没有将数据库信息配置在quart.properties中,而是选择另行配置,目的为了将数据库信息集中到一起,方便操作,实际项目中,也推荐使用这种方式

3. application-datasource.xml




    
    
    
    

    
        
        
        

        

        
        
        
        

        
        

        
        
        

        
        
    

    
    
        
    

4. application-job.xml




    

    
        
        
        
            
        
        
        
    

这一步的scheduler配置与上文的基本一致,只是配置了dataSource和引入了quartz.properties文件

5. 自定义插件 RunningListenerPlugin

package com.sawyer.job;

import org.quartz.ListenerManager;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.matchers.EverythingMatcher;
import org.quartz.spi.ClassLoadHelper;
import org.quartz.spi.SchedulerPlugin;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

public class RunningListenerPlugin implements SchedulerPlugin {

    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    private Scheduler scheduler;

    private boolean isLogRunningInfo;

    @Override
    public void initialize(String s, Scheduler scheduler, ClassLoadHelper classLoadHelper) throws SchedulerException {
        this.scheduler = scheduler;
        System.out.println("##################  调度器初始化 ##################");
    }

    @Override
    public void start() {
        System.out.println("##################  调度器启动 ###################");
        try {
            ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) scheduler.getContext().get("applicationContext");

            System.out.println("获取到的 ApplicationContext :" + applicationContext);

            ListenerManager listenerManager = scheduler.getListenerManager();
            if (isLogRunningInfo()) {
                listenerManager.addJobListener(new JobRunningListener(applicationContext), EverythingMatcher.allJobs());
                listenerManager.addSchedulerListener(new SchedulerRunningListener(applicationContext));
            }

        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void shutdown() {
        System.out.println("############# 调度器关闭 ##################");
    }


    public boolean isLogRunningInfo() {
        return isLogRunningInfo;
    }

    public void setLogRunningInfo(boolean logRunningInfo) {
        isLogRunningInfo = logRunningInfo;
    }
}

可以添加多个监听器,实现各种各样的业务需求,比如用于任务结束后发邮件,记录更为详细的运行信息等。只需要实现响应的接口即可,这里我选择了添加JobRunningListener和SchedulerRunningListener

6. JobRunningListener

package com.sawyer.job;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

public class JobRunningListener implements JobListener {

    private final static String LISTENER_NAME = "JobRunningListener";

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    public JobRunningListener(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return LISTENER_NAME;
    }

    @Override
    public void jobToBeExecuted(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) {
        System.out.println("#########  job 准备开始执行 ##########");
    }

    @Override
    public void jobExecutionVetoed(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) {
        System.out.println("#########  job 被否决了 ##########");
    }

    @Override
    public void jobWasExecuted(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext, JobExecutionException e) {
        System.out.println("#########  job 执行完毕 ##########");
    }
}

7. SchdulerRunningListener

package com.sawyer.job;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;


public class SchedulerRunningListener implements SchedulerListener {

    private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    public SchedulerRunningListener(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void jobScheduled(Trigger trigger) {

    }

    @Override
    public void jobUnscheduled(TriggerKey triggerKey) {

    }

    @Override
    public void triggerFinalized(Trigger trigger) {

    }

    @Override
    public void triggerPaused(TriggerKey triggerKey) {

    }

    @Override
    public void triggersPaused(String s) {

    }

    @Override
    public void triggerResumed(TriggerKey triggerKey) {

    }

    @Override
    public void triggersResumed(String s) {

    }

    @Override
    public void jobAdded(JobDetail jobDetail) {

    }

    @Override
    public void jobDeleted(JobKey jobKey) {
        System.out.println("############ " + jobKey.getGroup() + " 下的 " + jobKey.getName() + "已被删除 ###################");
    }

    @Override
    public void jobPaused(JobKey jobKey) {

    }

    @Override
    public void jobsPaused(String s) {

    }

    @Override
    public void jobResumed(JobKey jobKey) {

    }

    @Override
    public void jobsResumed(String s) {

    }

    @Override
    public void schedulerError(String s, SchedulerException e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void schedulerInStandbyMode() {

    }

    @Override
    public void schedulerStarted() {

    }

    @Override
    public void schedulerStarting() {

    }

    @Override
    public void schedulerShutdown() {

    }

    @Override
    public void schedulerShuttingdown() {

    }

    @Override
    public void schedulingDataCleared() {

    }
}

8. 执行job

package com.sawyer;

import com.sawyer.job.AbstractJob;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String configLocation = "classpath:spring/applicationContext*.xml";
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation);

        try {
            createJob(context);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        logger.info("Container has been startup.");
    }


    public static void createJob(ApplicationContext context) throws SchedulerException {

        final String jobClassName = "com.sawyer.job.TestJob";
        final String jobName = "test_job";
        final String jobGroup = "test_group";
        final String jobDescription = "这是TestJob的描述信息";
        final String triggerName = "test_trigger";
        final String triggerGroup = "test_trigger_group";
        final String cron = "0/5 * * * * ?";

        // 加载job类,并判断 job类的父类是否为AbstractJob
        boolean assignableFrom = false;
        Class forName = null;
        try {
            forName = Class.forName(jobClassName);
            assignableFrom = AbstractJob.class.isAssignableFrom(forName);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
                logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }

        JobBuilder jb = JobBuilder.newJob(forName).withIdentity(jobName, jobGroup)
                .withDescription(jobDescription);

        //放入数据
        JobDataMap data = new JobDataMap();
        data.put("count", 5);
        jb = jb.usingJobData(data);

        JobDetail jobDetail = jb.build();

        TriggerBuilder triggerBuilder = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity(triggerName, triggerGroup).forJob(jobDetail);

        ScheduleBuilder sche = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cron);

        Trigger trigger = triggerBuilder.withSchedule(sche).build();

        Scheduler quartzScheduler = (Scheduler) context.getBean("quartzScheduler");
        quartzScheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
    }


}

这里使用的job类仍然是上文中的TestJob,只是改用程序生成调用而已,另外这里的count我手动赋值成了5
到此,quartz持久化配置就完成了。

三、web管理

quartz是通过jobName和jobGroup来区分job的,所以job的name和group一定要填写,然后通过这个就可以对job进行添加、暂停、恢复和删除了。

添加:quartzScheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger)
暂停:quartzScheduler.pauseJob(JobKey.jobKey(jobName,jobGroup))
恢复:quartzSchduler.resumeJob(JobKey.jobKey(jobName,jobGroup))
删除:quartScheduler.deleteJob(JobKey.jobKey(jobName,jobGroup))

可以根据需要定制相关的UI界面,通过界面去触发job操作

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