引言
我们日常生活的状态基本可以分为“睡眠”和“觉醒”这两种状态。一般说来,在睡眠的状态中,我们是无意识的,也是无所作为的;在觉醒的状态中,我们是有意识的,同时经常也是有所作为的。那么,生活中是否存在其他的存在状态?有没有可能无意识而有所作为,或者有意识而无所作为呢?我们不妨怀抱探索的心态,欣赏一下这首13世纪神秘主义诗人鲁米的诗作,《身体的睡眠,灵魂的觉醒》。
英文译文
原版的诗集《玛斯纳维》语言为波斯语,字句工整而有韵律。此诗集于1898年由翻译家E. H. Whinfield翻译整理成英文出版。
Sleep of the body the soul's awakening
From: Masnavi I Ma'navi
by Maulana Jalaluddin Muhammad Rumi
Translated and abridged by E. H. Whinfield
Every night Thou freest our spirits from the body
And its snare, making them pure as rased tablets.
Every night spirits are released from this cage,
And set free, neither lording it nor lorded over.
At night prisoners are unaware of their prison,
At night kings are unaware of their majesty.
Then there is no thought or care for loss or gain,
No regard to such an one or such an one.
The state of the "knower" is such as this, even when awake.
God says, "Thou wouldst deem him awake though asleep,*
Sleeping to the affairs of the world, day and night,
Like a pen in the directing hand of the writer.
He who sees not the hand which effects the writing
Fancies the effect proceeds from the motion of the pen.
If the "knower" revealed the particulars of this state,
'Twould rob the vulgar of their sensual sleep.
His soul wanders in the desert that has no similitude;
Like his body, his spirit is enjoying perfect rest;--
Freed from desire of eating and drinking,
Like a bird escaped from cage and snare.
But when he is again beguiled into the snare,
He cries for help to the Almighty.
中文译文
Sleep of the body the soul's awakening
身体的睡眠,灵魂的觉醒
Every night Thou freest our spirits from the body
And its snare, making them pure as rased tablets.
每个夜晚,您都将我们的精神从身体及其圈套中解脱,
使其变得像抛光的石板一样纯净。
Every night spirits are released from this cage,
And set free, neither lording it nor lorded over.
每个夜晚,精神都从这个牢笼中得到释放和自由,
既不役使着这个牢笼,也不受这个牢笼的役使。
At night prisoners are unaware of their prison,
At night kings are unaware of their majesty.
在夜里,囚徒不知道自己的牢狱;
在夜里,国王不知道自己的权威。
Then there is no thought or care for loss or gain,
No regard to such an one or such an one.
那时,没有得与失的思考与顾虑,
没有这样与那样的区分。
The state of the "knower" is such as this, even when awake.
God says, "Thou wouldst deem him awake though asleep,*
“觉知者”的状态就是这样,即使在清醒时也是如此。
主说:“你认为他们是清醒的,但其实他们是酣睡的。”*(见注释)
Sleeping to the affairs of the world, day and night,
Like a pen in the directing hand of the writer.
面对世俗之事是酣睡的,无论日夜,
就像一支笔,被握在书写者的手中。
He who sees not the hand which effects the writing
Fancies the effect proceeds from the motion of the pen.
如果一个人看不到那实施书写的手,
就还以为是这只笔的运动完成了书写。
If the "knower" revealed the particulars of this state,
'Twould rob the vulgar of their sensual sleep.
如果这位“觉知者”向人揭示了这种状态的详情,
就会夺走粗俗的人们沉溺于感官的昏睡。
His soul wanders in the desert that has no similitude;
Like his body, his spirit is enjoying perfect rest;--
他的灵魂遨游于无与伦比的大漠中,
他的精神和他的身体一样,享受着完美的休憩。
Freed from desire of eating and drinking,
Like a bird escaped from cage and snare.
从饮食的贪欲中解脱,
就像一只逃离了牢笼与圈套的鸟儿。
But when he is again beguiled into the snare,
He cries for help to the Almighty.
但如果他再次被骗入这圈套之中,
他就只好向全能的主哭喊,乞求帮助了。
背景
鲁米(1207 - 1273),13世纪波斯诗人,全名号:梅夫拉那·贾拉尔-阿德-丁·穆罕默德·鲁米(مولانا جلال الدین محمد رومی),是伊斯兰教苏菲派最著名的神秘主义诗人之一。他所生活的年代正值“伊斯兰黄金时代”,科技进步,学者辈出。
他所著的诗集《玛斯纳维》(مثنوی معنوی)标题的含义为“灵性的对仗诗”,其中收录了许多伊斯兰经典中和民间流传的故事,以及诗人对它们的评论和解释。此诗集在苏菲派中有着深远的影响,甚至有着“波斯语的古兰经”的美誉。
为了纪念鲁米,联合国教科文组织把2007年定为“国际鲁米年”,以纪念这位诗人的800周年诞辰。
注释
*此句诗人引用了《古兰经》18:18
وَتَحْسَبُهُمْ أَيْقَاظًا وَهُمْ رُقُودٌ ۚ وَنُقَلِّبُهُمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ ۖ وَكَلْبُهُم بَاسِطٌ ذِرَاعَيْهِ بِالْوَصِيدِ ۚ لَوِ اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَوَلَّيْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِرَارًا وَلَمُلِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ رُعْبًا - 18:18
马坚 译版:“你以为他们是觉醒的,其实他们是酣睡的,我使他们左右翻转,他们的狗伸著两条腿卧在洞口。如果你看见他们,你必吓得转脸而逃,满怀恐怖。”
这段经文貌似讲述的是一段关于几个虔诚的年轻人的故事,他们为了躲避乱世,住进了一个山洞,真主使他们的心灵进入“沉睡”,以至于三百年过去了,他们还以为只过去了不到一天。
思考
1. 在我们的生活中,有没有过这样的经历,就是在全神贯注地做某件事时,感觉到似乎不是一个“弱小的自己”在执行各种动作,而是各种动作自发地就发生了?
2. 如果有,这些经历有什么共同点吗?
3. 如果感受到动作自发地发生了,是谁,或者说是什么,在观看着它们的发生?
4. 在感受不到这种自发性的时候,是什么在阻碍它的发生?
5. 诗人所谓的“圈套”与“牢笼”指的仅仅是“人的身体”吗?有什么是比“身体”更加束缚人的圈套?
总结
愿我们在工作与休息时能够从容不迫,与当下契合,达到“忘我”的和谐境界。
其生若浮,其死若休。不思虑,不豫谋。光矣而不耀,信矣而不期。其寝不梦,其觉无忧。其神纯粹,其魂不罢。虚无恬惔,乃合天德。 --庄子(前369 — 前286)