CentOS环境安装MySQL5.7

安装

1. 下载地址
   https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
2. 安装

• 解压安装

[root@khunpean ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

• 为mysql安装目录创建软链接

ln -s mysql-5.7.30 mysql

• 为CentOS添加mysql用户组和mysql用户(-s /bin/false参数指定mysql用户仅拥有所有权，而没有登录权限)

[root@khunpean local]# groupadd mysql
[root@khunpean local]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

• 修改mysql安装目录的拥有者为新建的mysql用户

[root@khunpean local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@khunpean mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./

3. 安装mysql

[root@khunpean mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@khunpean mysql]# 

rpm -qa|grep libaio
yum install  libaio-devel.x86_64
yum -y install numactl

• 解决错误后再次执行安装，记录日志最末尾位置root@localhost:后的字符串，此字符串为mysql管理员临时登录密码

2020-07-09T09:40:16.792474Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-07-09T09:40:17.011208Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-07-09T09:40:17.385758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wod:Qy0cV5bS
[root@khunpean mysql]#

4. 编辑配置文件my.cnf，添加配置如下

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
port=3306
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
max_connections=151
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
 
# 设置忽略大小写
lower_case_table_names = 1
 
# 指定编码
character-set-server=utf8
 
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
 
# 开启ip绑定
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
 
#指定客户端连接mysql时的socket通信文件路径
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
 
default-character-set=utf8

5. 测试启动mysql服务

/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

• 异常情况

[root@khunpean mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.2020-07-09T09:44:29.539053Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql[FAILED]8vb3utiu7gwez7zb7f2fZ.pid).
[root@khunpean mysql]# 

• 查看是否存在mysql和mysqld的服务，如果存在，则结束进程，再重新执行启动命令

#查询服务
ps -ef|grep mysql
ps -ef|grep mysqld

#结束进程
kill -9 PID

#启动服务
 /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

6. 将mysql进程放入系统进程，并重启mysql服务

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
service mysqld restart

7. 配置mysql环境变量

vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

source /etc/profile

8. 使用随机密码登录mysql数据库

mysql -u root -p

user mysql;
update user set authentication_string=password("新密码") where user="root";
flush privileges;
quit;

• 在[mysqld]后面任意一行添加“skip-grant-tables”用来跳过密码验证的过程

9. 设置允许远程连接数据库

use mysql;
update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
select user,host from user;
flush privileges;

• 开启3306防火墙端口，即可远程连接，如果还是无法远程连接，查看/etc/my.cnf
  找到bind-address = 127.0.0.1这一行改为bind-address = 0.0.0.0即可。

10. 设置开机自动启动

#将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#赋予可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
#添加服务
chkconfig --add mysqld
#显示服务列表
chkconfig --list