在这篇博客文章中,我们将探讨如何使用贪心算法来重新排版单词数组,使其成为每行恰好有最大宽度(maxWidth)个字符,同时要求文本左右两端对齐。这是一个有趣的问题,需要仔细考虑单词之间的空格分配以及文本的对齐方式。
给定一个单词数组 words
和一个长度 maxWidth
,我们的目标是重新排版单词,使其满足以下要求:
maxWidth
个字符。我们将使用贪心算法来解决这个问题。我们将逐行处理单词,尽可能多地放置单词在一行中,并确保每行的字符数不超过 maxWidth
。在每一行中,我们会按照如下规则来分配空格:
maxWidth
。totalSpaces
,以及在单词之间均匀分配空格时的基本空格数 baseSpaces
。如果 totalSpaces
不能被单词数减一整除,我们将多余的空格放在左侧。maxWidth
。下面是用 Java 编写的实现代码:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
class Solution {
public List<String> fullJustify(String[] words, int maxWidth) {
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
int index = 0;
while (index < words.length) {
int lineStart = index; // 当前行的起始单词索引
int lineLength = 0; // 当前行的字符数
// 尽可能多地添加单词到当前行
while (index < words.length && lineLength + words[index].length() <= maxWidth) {
lineLength += words[index].length() + 1; // +1 是用来添加单词间的空格
index++;
}
// 计算当前行的单词数
int wordCount = index - lineStart;
int totalSpaces = maxWidth - (lineLength - wordCount); // 总共需要插入的空格数
// 构建当前行的字符串
StringBuilder line = new StringBuilder();
// 如果当前行只包含一个单词或是最后一行,左对齐
if (wordCount == 1 || index == words.length) {
for (int i = lineStart; i < index; i++) {
line.append(words[i]);
if (i < index - 1) {
line.append(" ");
}
}
while (line.length() < maxWidth) {
line.append(" ");
}
} else {
int baseSpaces = totalSpaces / (wordCount - 1); // 单词之间基本的空格数
int extraSpaces = totalSpaces % (wordCount - 1); // 需要额外添加空格的位置数
for (int i = lineStart; i < index; i++) {
line.append(words[i]);
if (i < index - 1) {
for (int j = 0; j < baseSpaces; j++) {
line.append(" ");
}
if (extraSpaces > 0) {
line.append(" ");
extraSpaces--;
}
}
}
}
result.add(line.toString());
}
return result;
}
}
让我们使用示例来测试我们的算法:
String[] words1 = {"This", "is", "an", "example", "of", "text", "justification."};
int maxWidth1 = 16;
Solution solution = new Solution();
List<String> result1 = solution.fullJustify(words1, maxWidth1);
for (String line : result1) {
System.out.println(line);
}
输出:
This is an
example of text
justification.
String[] words2 = {"What", "must", "be", "acknowledgment", "shall", "be"};
int maxWidth2 = 16;
List<String> result2 = solution.fullJustify(words2, maxWidth2);
for (String line : result2) {
System.out.println(line);
}
输出:
What must be
acknowledgment
shall be
String[] words3 = {"Science", "is", "what", "we", "understand", "well", "enough", "to", "explain", "to", "a", "computer.", "Art", "is", "everything", "else", "we", "do"};
int maxWidth3 = 20;
List<String> result3 = solution.fullJustify(words3, maxWidth3);
for (String line : result3) {
System.out.println(line);
}
输出:
Science is what we
understand well
enough to explain to
a computer. Art is
everything else we
do