2019-06-04 盈利诅咒:科技“独角兽”们该如何破局?--经济学人

今日导读

        独角兽,原本是西方神话传说中的一种高贵、纯洁的动物。如今在商界,人们用它来描述那些新兴的科技巨头。这些科技创业公司依托互联网,在各个领域展开了轰轰烈烈的商业变革,只用不到十年的时间便创造出高达 10 亿美元估值的巨大体量,但如今,“独角兽们“商业模式却并没有为公司带来持续性的高盈利,这其中反映出什么问题?让我们走进今天《经济学人》的这篇文章来了解一下。


新闻正文

Tech’s latest stars have it all — except a path to high profits

        科技新星万事俱备——只欠高盈利的商业模式

· Tech :technology的缩写

Investors often describe the world of business in terms of animals. Right now, mere ponies are being presented as unicorns: privately held tech firms worth over $1bn that are supposedly strong and world-beating — miraculous almost.

        投资者们经常用各种动物来描述商业世界。如今,区区小马驹也被描绘成了(传说中的)独角兽:那些估值超过 10 亿美元的私营科技公司,在人们眼中是实力雄厚,出类拔萃,近乎奇迹般的存在。

·Investors often 就..而言,根据..来看

·unicorn  n. 独角兽

文化补充:独角兽形象来自西方神话。它形如白马,额前有一个螺旋角,代表高贵、高傲和纯洁。它的原型被认为是来自印度犀牛。

·world-beating/ˈwɜːrld biːtɪŋ/

adj. 世界一流的

搭配短语:a world-beating athlete/company

·miraculous/mɪˈrækjələs/

adj. 令人惊奇的,不可思议的

相关词汇:miracle(n. 奇迹)

搭配短语:a miraculous comeback

·supposedly  

adv. 据说,据传(指未亲眼目睹或者证实的情况)


There is, however, a problem with the unicorns: their business models.

        然而,独角兽公司存在一个问题,即它们的商业模式。

·however 放句子中间,表转折。


As we report this week, a dozen unicorns that have listed, or are likely to, posted combined losses of $14bn last year. Their cumulative losses are $47bn. Their services, from ride-hailing to office rental, are often deeply discounted in order to supercharge revenue growth. The justification for this is the Silicon Valley doctrine of “blitzscaling” in order to conquer “winner-takes-all” markets — or in plain English, conducting a high-speed land grab in the hope of finding gold.

        正如我们本周所报道的那样,12 家已上市或可能要上市的独角兽公司披露,仅去年的总亏损就达到 140 亿美元。而它们的累计亏损高达 470 亿美元。这些独角兽公司提供从叫车到办公室租赁的服务,并常常通过给用户大幅折扣来促进营收增长。为这种做法正名的是一种硅谷信条,这种信条讲求为占领“赢者通吃”的市场而进行“闪电式扩张”,简单来说,就是不知道地里有没有金子,但先抢占地盘再说。

·we指的经济学人杂志

·list v.上市

·cumulative/ˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪv/

adj. 累计的;渐增的

近义词:increasing

例句:Learning is a cumulative process.

·ride-hailing/ˈraɪd heɪlɪŋ/

adj. 叫车的

相关词汇:hail(v. 叫车)

hail 搭配短语:hail a taxi

discount   [dɪsˈkaʊnt]v.打折

[ˈdɪskaʊnt] n.打折

·supercharge/ˈsuːpərtʃɑːrdʒ/

v. 给(引擎)增压;使…变强

近义词:boost

·The justification for this is the Silicon Valley doctrine of “blitzscaling”

主系表结构

·doctrine/ˈdɑːktrɪn/

n. 信条,学说

英文释义:a belief or set of beliefs

搭配短语:Christian doctrine

搭配短语:military doctrine

·blitzscaling  闪电式扩张

blitz 来自二战中“闪电战”blitzkrieg,强调事情的推进速度

scaling 扩大规模的动名词形式

·winner-takes-all/ˈwɪnər teɪks ɔːl/

adj. “赢者通吃”的

·conduct 实施,进行

·grab  n.抢夺,截取

The big worry is that the unicorns' losses reflect not temporary growing pains but markets which are contested and customers who are promiscuous. Despite subsidies, ride-sharing customers are not locked in to one firm. No wonder Lyft’s shares have fallen by over 20% below their IPO price. Anyone can lease an office and rent out desks, not just WeWork.

       这其中最让人担忧的是:独角兽公司的亏损所反映出的并不是暂时的公司成长期阵痛,而是服务市场的激烈竞争和心猿意马的用户群体。拼车用户尽管享受了各种补贴,却并不会就此锁定一家拼车公司的服务。因此,我们不难理解为何 Lyft(来福车)公司的股价比首次公开募股价格降低了 20%多。同样地,不仅仅是 WeWork(众创空间)公司,任何一家公司都可以出租办公室和办公桌。

·The big worry is that,表语从句

从句中not A but B 的转折结构,B含有两个并列的定语从句

·contest/kənˈtest/

v.(为某事而)竞争,角逐

例句:The medal is contested by eight gymnasts.

词性拓展:contest [ˈkɑːntest , ](n. 比赛)

contest 搭配短语:a sports contest(n.)

·promiscuous/prəˈmɪskjuəs/

adj. 淫乱的;杂乱的 (尤其指不分对象发生性关系)

·subsidy/ˈsʌbsədi/

n. 补贴,津贴

搭配短语:housing subsidy 住房补贴

搭配短语:government subsidy 政府补贴

·IPO 首次公开募股(Initial Public Offerings)是指一家企业或公司 (股份有限公司)第一次将它的股份向公众出售(首次公开发行,指股份公司首次向社会公众公开招股的发行方式)。

·lease/liːs/

v. 租借,租用

搭配短语:lease the apartment


External forces will make blitzscaling harder, too. Compared with the earlier generation of firms, today a reaction is in full swing, including over digital taxes and data and content laws.

        外界因素也会增加这种“闪电式扩张”的难度。与早期互联网公司所面对的发展环境相比,今天来自监管方的反噬达到了顶点 —— 数字税出台,数据和内容也颁布了相关法律。

·Compared with   与...相比较

·in full swing

处于...高潮,处于...顶峰

英文释义:at the peak of activity

例句:The party is in full swing.

digital taxes 数字税


All this is good for consumers. Investors, meanwhile, need to hold their nerve. It is tempting to extrapolate the triumph of Google and Alibaba to an entire new group of firms.

        所有这些举措对消费者来说都是有益的。与此同时,对投资者而言,他们需要保持冷静。人们总是经不住诱惑,想要把谷歌和阿里巴巴的成功推导到一群新兴公司上。

·hold one's nerve  保持冷静

·It is tempting to sth.   做..是诱人的

·extrapolate/ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/

v. 推断;推知

例句:You might extrapolate that all Canadians are friendly.

搭配短语:extrapolate sth. to sth. 把某事推到另一件事上

例句:You can't extrapolate the results to other patient groups.


The blitzscale philosophy of buying customers at any price is peaking. After the unicorns, a new and more convincing species of startup will have to be engineered.

        这种不计获客成本的“闪电式扩张”理念已达到顶点,在这批独角兽公司热潮之后,一种新型的、更有信服力的创业公司须得被打造出来。

·peak vt. 使达到最高点;到达顶峰

·buying customers 获得顾客

·engineer/ˌendʒɪˈnɪr/

v. 设计;建造


拓展阅读

WeWork 联合办公空间

       2010 年成立于美国纽约,主要是为初创公司、微商企业、自由职业企业家提供办公场所,也是共用工作空间运营模式的创始者。WeWork 于 2016 年进入中国,在上海开业运营了第一家在华共用工作空间。2018 年 4 月 11 日宣布将以 25 亿元人民币收购同类竞争企业裸心社,以加快其在华商业扩张布局。根据 WeWork 方面最新数据,入华至今,结合裸心社在营空间,WeWork 在北京、上海、香港、深圳、成都、广州等 10 个城市,共拥有 83 处办公地点。

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