1. 卸载旧的版本
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
2. 需要的安装包
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
3. 设置镜像仓库改为阿里云
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
更新软件包索引
yum makecache fast
4安装doceker-ce的版本
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
5. 启动docker
sudo systemctl start docker
6. 查看docker版本
docker version
7. docker run hello-world
docker run hello-world
截屏2020-06-06 下午1.44.11.png
8. 查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
了解: 卸载docker
- 卸载依赖
Uninstall the Docker Engine, CLI, and Containerd packages:
sudo yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
- 删除资源
Images, containers, volumes, or customized configuration files on your host are not automatically removed. To delete all images, containers, and volumes:
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
7 阿里云镜像加速
8. Run的流程和Docker原理
Run的流程.
- 开始-->Docker会在本机寻找镜像---->判断本机是否有这个镜像---->有就运行/没有就去Docker Hub上下载.
- 找不到返回错误/找到下载.
9 镜像的基本命令
- docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 30f937e841c8 2 weeks ago 541MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的创建时间
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
docker images --help
Options: 可选项
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) 列出所有镜像
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs 只显示镜像的ID
- docker search 搜索镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9587 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3486 [OK]
# 可选项,通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来镜像大于3000STARS
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9587 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3486 [OK]
- docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest 如果不写tag, 默认是最新的lastest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
afb6ec6fdc1c: Pull complete # 分层下载, docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
0bdc5971ba40: Pull complete
97ae94a2c729: Pull complete
f777521d340e: Pull complete
1393ff7fc871: Pull complete
a499b89994d9: Pull complete
7ebe8eefbafe: Pull complete
597069368ef1: Pull complete
ce39a5501878: Downloading 61.31MB/111.5MB
7d545bca14bf: Download complete
ce39a5501878: Pull complete
7d545bca14bf: Pull complete
211e5bb2ae7b: Pull complete
5914e537c077: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a31a277d8d39450220c722c1302a345c84206e7fd4cdb619e7face046e89031d
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
- 镜像删除
docker rmi -f 镜像id
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
10 容器命令
说明: 我们有镜像才可以创建容器,Linux, 下载一个centos镜像来测试学习.
docker pull centos
- 新建容器并启动
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 ,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
- 交互模式启动容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 30f937e841c8 2 weeks ago 541MB
centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@5785165be7dc /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@5785165be7dc /]# exit # 退出
exit
- 列出所有运行的docker
# docker ps 命令
-a # 正在和历史运行的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示最近创建容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5785165be7dc centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago interesting_liskov
55f7f3143e21 hello-world "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago frosty_carson
[root@localhost ~]#
- 退出容器
ctrl+p+q #容器不停止退出.
exit # 直接容器停止退出.
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@232c92712de3 /]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
232c92712de3 centos "/bin/bash" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds nervous_nightingale
- 删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 不能删除正在运行的容器, 如果要删除需要rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
- 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id
11 日志,元数据,进程的查看
- 后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
e444a0538f2604e973b527e2eb52d8b4e768fb322fc753584160810dcff1ee92
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 问题docker ps, 发现centos停止了.
# 常见的坑, docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动执行.
# nginx, 容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了.
- 查看日志
docker logs -ft 容器, 没有日志
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo lvyang;sleep 1;done"
f5c7df36b27d9b703b0a2f5acb2ceeedcc717f56173b03ab54dc30ef7161a00c
# docker logs -ft f5c7df36b27d
# docker logs -ft --tail 10 f5c7df36b27d
- 查看容器中进程信息.
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top f5c7df36b27d
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 46588 46570 0 13:25 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo lvyang;sleep 1;done
root 46912 46588 0 13:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
- 查看镜像的元数据.
# docker inspect
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect f5c7df36b27d
[
{
"Id": "f5c7df36b27d9b703b0a2f5acb2ceeedcc717f56173b03ab54dc30ef7161a00c",
"Created": "2020-06-07T05:25:41.786500441Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo lvyang;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 46588,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-07T05:25:42.942468836Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5c7df36b27d9b703b0a2f5acb2ceeedcc717f56173b03ab54dc30ef7161a00c/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5c7df36b27d9b703b0a2f5acb2ceeedcc717f56173b03ab54dc30ef7161a00c/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5c7df36b27d9b703b0a2f5acb2ceeedcc717f56173b03ab54dc30ef7161a00c/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5c7df36b27d9b703b0a2f5acb2ceeedcc717f56173b03ab54dc30ef7161a00c/f5c7df36b27d9b703b0a2f5acb2ceeedcc717f56173b03ab54dc30ef7161a00c-json.log",
"Name": "/admiring_tesla",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fc9019d0b1513d6430754c22a48e7891d9d6fc811fc3cbad2794502b8b37fc2-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae47af1c1d7a9b6416705aa33190c71631d0fd4be9e38cbf40980815f75b9a97/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fc9019d0b1513d6430754c22a48e7891d9d6fc811fc3cbad2794502b8b37fc2/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fc9019d0b1513d6430754c22a48e7891d9d6fc811fc3cbad2794502b8b37fc2/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fc9019d0b1513d6430754c22a48e7891d9d6fc811fc3cbad2794502b8b37fc2/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "f5c7df36b27d",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo lvyang;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "6ee8611baaef01d80f4a51acbc1e34d9c36981cafccb9f6221b8514de44d9ef5",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/6ee8611baaef",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "b6c7453ea756f9162e0ba49bc4366228c9eb940800ad60d57f2c3420dd059b3d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "65cf1533912978a53898d8c9cacd9571f788e81a46e4a92e677e44bd700d7b6d",
"EndpointID": "b6c7453ea756f9162e0ba49bc4366228c9eb940800ad60d57f2c3420dd059b3d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
12. 进入容器的命令和拷贝命令
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的, 需要进入容器,修改一些配置.
# 1. 进入容器后开启一个新的终端, 可以在里面操作.
docker exce -it contos /bin/bash/
# 2. 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程(不停循环的日子输出....)
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach f5c7df36b27d
- 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id
docker cp f5c7df36b27d:/home/test.java /home