Matlab技巧记录

1. 获取程序的时间消耗

//在程序的开头加入
profile clear
profile off
profile on
//在末尾加入
profile viewer
profile off

借助这profile这个工具可以查看具体的程序每个函数消耗的时间,从而根据时间消耗来对程序的运行时间进行优化。

time.png

很明显上图中state_solver中调用mupadmex和dsolve的次数特别多,消耗的时间也最大,所以需要搞清楚两者的使用关系,运行流程!

2. 给符号表达式赋值

syms x
f=3*x^3;
g=diff(f,x);
x=2;
% 执行f和g对应的表达式
ansf=eval(f)
ansg=eval(g)

该方法用于符号运算及其方便。

3. 加快程序的速度

  • 用乘法,别用除法
  • 用向量运算,别用标量运算
  • 使用profile探明时间消耗原因
  • 能够获取解析解进行计算时,尽量用解析解计算或者直接迭代计算,而不是采用符号函数计算,解析符号函数十分耗费时间

4. 局部图像放大,作图中图

首先将测试程序test.m和插件magnify.m放到同一文件夹下

function magnify(f1)
%magnify是个动态放大镜,固化后可以用tools>edit plot移动小图,能选取多个局部图
%用法:打开figure图,输入magnify,左键动态选取查看,ctrl+左键固化,也可右键固化,‘<’和‘>’缩放方法范围,‘+’和‘-’缩放放大比例
%magnify(f1)
%
%  Figure creates a magnification box when under the mouse
%  position when a button is pressed.  Press '+'/'-' while
%  button pressed to increase/decrease magnification. Press
%  '>'/'<' while button pressed to increase/decrease box size.
%  Hold 'Ctrl' while clicking to leave magnification on figure.
%
%  Example:
%     plot(1:100,randn(1,100),(1:300)/3,rand(1,300)), grid on,
%     magnify;

% Rick Hindman - 7/29/04

if (nargin == 0), f1 = gcf; end;
set(f1, ...
   'WindowButtonDownFcn',  @ButtonDownCallback, ...
   'WindowButtonUpFcn', @ButtonUpCallback, ...
   'WindowButtonMotionFcn', @ButtonMotionCallback, ...
   'KeyPressFcn', @KeyPressCallback);
return;

function ButtonDownCallback(src,eventdata)
   f1 = src;
   a1 = get(f1,'CurrentAxes');
   a2 = copyobj(a1,f1);

   set(f1, ...
      'UserData',[f1,a1,a2], ...
      'Pointer','fullcrosshair', ...
      'CurrentAxes',a2);
   set(a2, ...
      'UserData',[2,0.2], ...  %magnification, frame size
      'Color',get(a1,'Color'), ...
      'Box','on');
   xlabel(''); ylabel(''); zlabel(''); title('');
   set(get(a2,'Children'), ...
      'LineWidth', 2);
   set(a1, ...
      'Color',get(a1,'Color')*0.95);
   set(f1, ...
      'CurrentAxes',a1);
   ButtonMotionCallback(src);
return;

function ButtonUpCallback(src,eventdata)
   H = get(src,'UserData');
   f1 = H(1); a1 = H(2); a2 = H(3);
   set(a1, ...
      'Color',get(a2,'Color'));
   set(f1, ...
      'UserData',[], ...
      'Pointer','arrow', ...
      'CurrentAxes',a1);
   if ~strcmp(get(f1,'SelectionType'),'alt'),
      delete(a2);
   end;
return;

function ButtonMotionCallback(src,eventdata)
   H = get(src,'UserData');
   if ~isempty(H)
      f1 = H(1); a1 = H(2); a2 = H(3);
      a2_param = get(a2,'UserData');
      f_pos = get(f1,'Position');
      a1_pos = get(a1,'Position');

      [f_cp, a1_cp] = pointer2d(f1,a1);

      set(a2,'Position',[(f_cp./f_pos(3:4)) 0 0]+a2_param(2)*a1_pos(3)*[-1 -1 2 2]);
      a2_pos = get(a2,'Position');

   set(a2,'XLim',a1_cp(1)+(1/a2_param(1))*(a2_pos(3)/a1_pos(3))*diff(get(a1,'XLim'))*[-0.5 0.5]);
   set(a2,'YLim',a1_cp(2)+(1/a2_param(1))*(a2_pos(4)/a1_pos(4))*diff(get(a1,'YLim'))*[-0.5 0.5]);
   end;
return;

function KeyPressCallback(src,eventdata)
   H = get(gcf,'UserData');
   if ~isempty(H)
      f1 = H(1); a1 = H(2); a2 = H(3);
      a2_param = get(a2,'UserData');
      if (strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),'+') | strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),'='))
         a2_param(1) = a2_param(1)*1.2;
      elseif (strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),'-') | strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),'_'))
         a2_param(1) = a2_param(1)/1.2;
      elseif (strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),'<') | strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),','))
         a2_param(2) = a2_param(2)/1.2;
      elseif (strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),'>') | strcmp(get(f1,'CurrentCharacter'),'.'))
         a2_param(2) = a2_param(2)*1.2;
      end;
      set(a2,'UserData',a2_param);
   ButtonMotionCallback(src);
   end;
return;

% Included for completeness (usually in own file)
function [fig_pointer_pos, axes_pointer_val] = pointer2d(fig_hndl,axes_hndl)
%
%pointer2d(fig_hndl,axes_hndl)
%
% Returns the coordinates of the pointer (in pixels)
% in the desired figure (fig_hndl) and the coordinates
%       in the desired axis (axes coordinates)
%
% Example:
%  figure(1),
%  hold on,
%  for i = 1:1000,
%     [figp,axp]=pointer2d;
%     plot(axp(1),axp(2),'.','EraseMode','none');
%     drawnow;
%  end;
%  hold off

% Rick Hindman - 4/18/01

if (nargin == 0), fig_hndl = gcf; axes_hndl = gca; end;
if (nargin == 1), axes_hndl = get(fig_hndl,'CurrentAxes'); end;

set(fig_hndl,'Units','pixels');

pointer_pos = get(0,'PointerLocation'); %pixels {0,0} lower left
fig_pos = get(fig_hndl,'Position'); %pixels {l,b,w,h}

fig_pointer_pos = pointer_pos - fig_pos([1,2]);
set(fig_hndl,'CurrentPoint',fig_pointer_pos);

if (isempty(axes_hndl)),
axes_pointer_val = [];
elseif (nargout == 2),
axes_pointer_line = get(axes_hndl,'CurrentPoint');
axes_pointer_val = sum(axes_pointer_line)/2;
end;

test.m文件内容如下:

x=-1:0.1:1;
y1=sin(x);
y2=tan(x);
y3=x;
plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3);
title('对数函数图像');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
grid on;

运行test.m,在命令窗口输入magnify,然后右键选中想要放大的区域(按着右键不要动),然后可以使用<>缩放方法范围,+-缩放放大比例,看着放大的小图满意后松开右键即可。(这一过程网上都管他们叫固化),见详细教程MATLAB中使用magnify做图中图
操作流程如下:

error1.gif

注意在进行目标区域的固化时,一定要在图像是不可编辑的状态下进行的,也就是小鼠标未选中的状态。

5. 绘制三维球体

绘制三维球体

6. 绘制三维立方体

画立方体的几种方法

7. 绘制圆柱体

使用matlab软件绘制圆柱体

8. 将两个曲线放在一个图里面

在显示的图像窗口中,在可编辑状态下,选中曲线复制,然后到另外一个图像窗口下,选择粘贴

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