Flutter开发 踩坑记录

前言

  • 最近有时间在研究Flutter开发,从搭建框架(可以参考文章:Flutter基本配置搭建)到开始着手开发Demo项目,体验到Flutter开发的快捷、高效。现将Flutter开发中遇到的问题逐步整理出来,供大家参考:

踩坑记录

1、先看错误日志:
flutter: ══╡ EXCEPTION CAUGHT BY WIDGETS LIBRARY ╞═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
flutter: The following assertion was thrown building MyApp(state: _BottomNavigationBarState#ccb0e):
flutter: MediaQuery.of() called with a context that does not contain a MediaQuery.
flutter: No MediaQuery ancestor could be found starting from the context that was passed to MediaQuery.of().
flutter: This can happen because you do not have a WidgetsApp or MaterialApp widget (those widgets introduce
flutter: a MediaQuery), or it can happen if the context you use comes from a widget above those widgets.
flutter: The context used was:
flutter:   Scaffold
flutter:
flutter: The relevant error-causing widget was:
flutter:   MyApp 
lib/…/Base/main.dart:7
flutter:
flutter: When the exception was thrown, this was the stack:

问题代码 :

@override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: _bottomNavPages[_selectedIndex],
      bottomNavigationBar: BottomNavigationBar(
        items: [
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab1"),
              icon:Image.asset("normal.png")),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab2"),
              icon: Image.asset("normal.png")),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab3"),
              icon: Image.asset("normal.png")),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab4"),
              icon:Image.asset("normal.png")),
        ],
        backgroundColor: Colors.white,
        currentIndex: _selectedIndex,
        unselectedItemColor: Colors.grey,
        selectedItemColor: Colors.orange
      ),
    );
  }

提炼日志中的一句关键信息:
This can happen because you do not have a WidgetsApp or MaterialApp widget XXX
这里是布局底部四个Tabbar,是一个Material组件,所以用Scaffold包裹,这里就会报错,需要用MaterialApp再包裹一层,解决如下:

@override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
       home: Scaffold(
       body: _bottomNavPages[_selectedIndex],
       bottomNavigationBar: BottomNavigationBar(
       items: [
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab1"),
              icon:Image.asset("normal.png")),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab2"),
              icon: Image.asset("normal.png")),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab3"),
              icon: Image.asset("normal.png")),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(
              title: Text("tab4"),
              icon:Image.asset("normal.png")),
        ],
        backgroundColor: Colors.white,
        currentIndex: _selectedIndex,
        unselectedItemColor: Colors.grey,
        selectedItemColor: Colors.orange
       ),
      ),
    );
  }
2、修改了main.dart文件路径,开启调试时项目报错,提示:

image.png

解决方案:提示很明确,需要在flutter的启动文件里加上program的value值,value对应main.dart的路径,即:
image.png

3、运行项目报错:Target file "lib\main.dart" not found

解决方案:flutter run --target=xx.dart

4、NotificationListener通知监听滑动事件,通过当前ListView或者ScrollView嵌套了二级ListViewScrollView,则该通知会监听当前一级和二级所有滚动组件的滑动事件,如果仅想监听一级页面的滑动事件,则增加depth参数判断,代表一级或二级索引值,即:
// 仅监听一级页面的滑动结束事件,如果需要监听二级,则将depth判断值改为1即可
if (notification is ScrollEndNotification && notification.depth == 0) {
       // 滑动结束回调
       print('滑动结束');
}
5、flutter项目下的iOS目录,执行pod install报错:
[!] ERROR:Parsing unable to continue due to parsing error:
contained in the file located at /Users/xxx/ios/Podfile.lock

解决方案:删除iOS目录下的Podfile.lock文件,cd至ios项目根目录,执行pod install命令,重新生成与之匹配的Podfile.lock文件即可

6、执行flutter upgrade报错:
Downloading Dart SDK from Flutter engine b793775d2a01e358f7cb3d5eebe2d5e329751b5b...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  201M  100  201M    0     0  1319k      0  0:02:36  0:02:36 --:--:-- 1352k
Building flutter tool...
Because flutter_tools depends on devtools_shared 0.9.7+3 which doesn't match any versions, version solving failed.
Error: Unable to 'pub upgrade' flutter tool. Retrying in five seconds... (9 tries left)
Because flutter_tools depends on devtools_shared 0.9.7+3 which doesn't match any versions, version solving failed.
Error: Unable to 'pub upgrade' flutter tool. Retrying in five seconds... (8 tries left)
.
.
.

解决方案:删除系统环境变量之前配置的PUB_HOSTED_URLFLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL再试

7、本地已安装好Android StudioFlutter pluginDart plugin,但是执行flutter doctor命令的时候依然报错:
image.png

解决方案:终端根目录下执行:

ln -s ~/Library/Application\ Support/Google/AndroidStudio4.1/plugins ~/Library/Application\ Support/AndroidStudio4.1

然后再执行flutter doctor即可解决。

8、运行时报错:_TypeError (type 'String' is not a subtype of type 'Map'),报错截图如下图示:
image.png

解决方案:接口返回数据包一层json.decode:

return response.data;

修改为:

return json.decode(response.data);

Tips:这种错误常见于请求第三方接口时触发,因为返回数据没有经过json转化。

9、极光推送在App冷启动时,点击推送消息(带参数),在iOS设备上无法正常跳转制定页面:

解决方案:极光推送插件提供了API用于获取远程推送的缓存信息,包含推送必要的参数,获取参数之后跳转相应页面即可。

// 获取极光推送推送冷启动App时传参
jPush.getLaunchAppNotification().then((info) {
  dynamic extras = getExtras(info);
  String? type = extras["type"];
  dynamic id = extras["id"];
  openPage(type, id);
});
10、数据更新发生在widget构建过程中
image.png
// 加个延迟即可解决问题
Future.delayed(Duration(milliseconds: 200)).then((value) {
      更新数据Action-xx;
});
11、页面是statefulWidget,且在initState里已添加接口请求方法。页面内嵌套进度条组件LinearPercentIndicator。如果切换页面,发现页面没有实时更新数据

解决:

image.png

LinearPercentIndicator组件自带缓存当前页面状态属性,如若需要调用initState时实时更新,则将addAutomaticKeepAlive = false即可

12、Flutter页面加载时间监听

1、在StatefulWidget页面内的initState方法,获取当前时间的时间戳:DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch,即为页面的创建时间。
2、Flutter提供方法,监听页面的frame绘制回调完成时间:WidgetsBinding监听方法addPostFrameCallback
3、页面加载时间 = 页面绘制完成时间 - 页面创建时间

print('页面创建时间为:${DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch}');
WidgetsBinding.instance!.addPostFrameCallback((timeStamp) {
   print('页面可见时间为:${DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch}');
});

// 时间戳单位为:毫秒(ms)
// 页面创建时间为:1658912417399
// 页面可见时间为:1658912417544
// 页面加载时间为:1658912417544 - 1658912417399 = 145(ms)= 0.145(s)

一般对于页面加载时间大于2s,就会有性能问题,需要优化。

13、VSCode选择iPhone 13模拟器,运行时报错:
image.png
解决方案:

进入到下一级ios目录下,执行pod --version,确认本地是否安装pod
1、如果有,则代表已安装,只需要执行pod install,然后重启VSCode即可。
2、如果没有,则执行brew install cocoapods,成功后再执行pod setup即可。

14、VSCode运行iOS项目,报错如下:
image.png
Launching lib/main.dart on iPhone 14 in debug mode...

main.dart:1

Xcode build done. 91.8s

Error waiting for a debug connection: The log reader failed unexpectedly

Error launching application on iPhone 14.

Exited (sigterm)

解决方案:缓存导致,重启开发者工具,如果还不行,重启下电脑。

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