之前我们用Django框架做了一个很简单的个人博客搭建,不论是页面还是功能都很粗糙
所以从这篇开始我打算做一个比较完整的【个人博客网站】,可能会分好几篇博客来讲述
等所有功能完善的差不多后,再考虑上传github
那本篇呢,我们主要实现博客的基础框架搭建,以及【登陆/注册/注销】功能的实现
我会顺便详细介绍一下小知识点,以及我踩的坑
简易版blog搭建:https://blog.csdn.net/Makasa/article/details/124982130?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
环境:
import os
from pathlib import Path
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'hf&ss)e1pr49yngt1s9ql%7wgotm91vsvw&88$67@3p@hlm%^e'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# 自己的应用
'user.apps.UserConfig',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'MyBlog.urls'
# 如果用户继承了AbstractUser,修改原生auth_user的模型的话就需要加这个配置
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'user.UserProfile'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
# 如果要在页面里面进行引用图片的话,就必须在这里添加配置
'django.template.context_processors.media' # 在模板中可以使用{
{
MEDIA_URL}}
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'MyBlog.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'blog',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'yy1998123',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
# 配置语言,时区
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# 配置静态文件夹路径
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
]
# 配置媒体文件路径
MEDIA_URL = ''
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from user.views import index
"""
全局路径
"""
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', index, name='index'),
# 配置user路径
path('user/', include(('user.urls', 'user'), namespace='user')),
# path('user/', include('user.urls', namespace='user')),
]
简单提及下:我们这里为什么要再单独在user应用下创建一个urls.py呢?
主要是为了让代码更加规范,一般情况下,项目比较大的话,我们肯定是有多个应用的,那各个应用的路径我们就统一配置在全局的urls中
单个应用底下的路由我们都配在一起,方便统一管理;
比如说:咱们这次做的登录注册功能,是与用户相关的,那我们就单独在user应用下新建一个urls.py,里面配置用户相关的操作,例:登录/注册/注销等…
"""
用户相关的路径
"""
from django.urls import path
from user.views import user_register, user_login, user_logout
urlpatterns = [
path('register', user_register, name='register'),
path('login', user_login, name='login'),
path('logout', user_logout, name='logout'),
]
from django.contrib.auth import logout
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password, check_password
from django.db.models import Q
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
# Create your views here.
from django.urls import reverse
from user.forms import RegisterForm, LoginForm
from user.models import UserProfile
"""
视图函数
"""
def index(request):
"""
返回首页
:param request:
:return:
"""
return render(request, "index.html")
def user_register(request):
"""
用户注册
:param request:
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'GET': # 注意get一定要大写,不然无法将表单渲染在页面上
return render(request, 'user/register.html')
else:
rform = RegisterForm(request.POST) # 使用form获取数据
print('--------》', rform)
print("errors", rform.errors)
if rform.is_valid(): # 进行数据的校验
# 从干净的数据中取值,即通过前端校验的数据
username = rform.cleaned_data.get('username')
email = rform.cleaned_data.get('email')
mobile = rform.cleaned_data.get('mobile')
password = rform.cleaned_data.get('password')
# 如果用户名/手机号不存在的话,才进行添加数据操作
if not UserProfile.objects.filter(Q(username=username) | Q(mobile=mobile)).exists():
# 注册到数据库中
password = make_password(password) # 密码进行加密
user = UserProfile.objects.create(username=username, password=password, email=email, mobile=mobile)
if user:
# 如果用户创建成功,则提示注册成功
return HttpResponse('注册成功')
else:
# 否则用户名/手机号已存在
return render(request, 'user/register.html', context={
'msg': '用户名或者手机号已经存在!'})
# 数据校验失败,就提示注册失败
return render(request, 'user/register.html', context={
'msg': '用户名或者手机号已经存在,请重新填写!'})
def user_login(request):
"""
用户登陆
:param request:
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'user/login.html')
else:
lform = LoginForm(request.POST)
print('--------》', lform)
print("errors", lform.errors)
if lform.is_valid():
username = lform.cleaned_data.get('username')
password = lform.cleaned_data.get('password')
# 查询数据库,如果加密后的两个密码一致的话登录成功
user = UserProfile.objects.filter(username=username).first()
flag = check_password(password