python pyqt5-tools安装失败

写在前面

此文档仅记录本人遇到的问题及解决办法，并非涵盖所有

最近写一个股价监控小程序，想改进为界面程序，用到了PyQt5模块。不想写代码，就想用QT Designer可视化编辑，就需要安装pyqt5-tools。可是安装总是出错，问题解决了，记录一下

安装出错信息

• 局部信息

 AttributeError: module 'sipbuild.api' has no attribute 'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel'

• 整体信息

Collecting pyqt5-tools
  Using cached pyqt5_tools-5.15.4.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (29 kB)
Collecting python-dotenv
  Using cached python_dotenv-0.21.0-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting pyqt5==5.15.4
  Using cached PyQt5-5.15.4.tar.gz (3.3 MB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
  Getting requirements to build wheel: started
  Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'

  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  exit code: 1
  
  [29 lines of output]
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "D:\Environment\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 144, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
      hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
  AttributeError: module 'sipbuild.api' has no attribute 'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel'
  
  During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
  
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "D:\Environment\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 351, in <module>
      main()
    File "D:\Environment\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 333, in main
      json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
    File "D:\Environment\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py", line 148, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
      whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
    File "C:\Users\18726\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-bk0hzz5c\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\api.py", line 46, in build_wheel
      project = AbstractProject.bootstrap('wheel',
    File "C:\Users\18726\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-bk0hzz5c\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\abstract_project.py", line 87, in bootstrap
      project.setup(pyproject, tool, tool_description)
    File "C:\Users\18726\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-bk0hzz5c\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\project.py", line 585, in setup
      self.apply_user_defaults(tool)
    File "C:\Users\18726\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ke_l3jyo\pyqt5_6755aef33085463093984768040107a5\project.py", line 63, in apply_user_defaults
      super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
    File "C:\Users\18726\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-bk0hzz5c\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pyqtbuild\project.py", line 70, in apply_user_defaults
      super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
    File "C:\Users\18726\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-bk0hzz5c\overlay\Lib\site-packages\sipbuild\project.py", line 236, in apply_user_defaults
      self.builder.apply_user_defaults(tool)
    File "C:\Users\18726\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-bk0hzz5c\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pyqtbuild\builder.py", line 69, in apply_user_defaults
      raise PyProjectOptionException('qmake',
  sipbuild.pyproject.PyProjectOptionException
  [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

Encountered error while generating package metadata.

See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

分析

• 检查pyqt5-tools所适配的python版本
  • 地址：https://pypi.org/project/pyqt5-tools/
    
  • 结论：pyqt5-tools 目前配置的python版本最高只到python 3.9
• 查看自己的python版本
  • 打开命令行输入python -V
    
  • 结论：当前python版本超过pyqt5-tools适配的最高版本

解决办法

• 安装python低版本
  3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
• python 3.8 下载
  • 地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3810/