在编写Python爬虫程序时,我们经常会遇到各种错误和异常。其中,504错误是一种常见的网络错误,它表示网关超时。是指客户端与服务器之间的网关通信过程中,服务器在规定的时间内没有返回响应,导致请求超时。此类错误通常发生在网络故障或服务器负载过高的情况下下。
下面是 504 报错代码的示例:
import requests
url = "https://www.xiamenair.com/"
response = requests.get(url)
if response.status_code == 504:
print("Error 504: Gateway Timeout")
504错误可能会出现在以下情况中:
504错误对爬虫程序的影响是无法获取所需的数据,导致爬虫任务失败。为了解决这个问题,我们需要对爬虫程序进行设计和优化。针对504错误,我们可以采取以下几种解决方法:
import requests
def check_network_connection():
try:
response = requests.get("https://www.google.com", timeout=5)
if response.status_code == 200:
print("网络连接正常")
else:
print("网络连接异常")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print("网络连接异常:", e)
check_network_connection()
import requests
def increase_timeout():
url = "https://www.example.com"
try:
response = requests.get(url, timeout=10)
if response.status_code == 200:
print("请求成功")
else:
print("请求失败")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print("请求超时:", e)
increase_timeout()
import requests
def use_proxy_server():
url = "https://www.example.com"
proxyHost = "www.16yun.cn"
proxyPort = "5445"
proxyUser = "16QMSOML"
proxyPass = "280651"
proxies = {
"http": f"http://{proxyUser}:{proxyPass}@{proxyHost}:{proxyPort}",
"https": f"https://{proxyUser}:{proxyPass}@{proxyHost}:{proxyPort}"
}
try:
response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies, timeout=10)
if response.status_code == 200:
print("请求成功")
else:
print("请求失败")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print("请求异常:", e)
use_proxy_server()
下面是一个实际案例的分享,展示了如何在Python爬虫程序中处理504错误。比如我们在爬取厦门航空网站的航班信息时,遇到了504错误。通过增加请求超时时间和使用代理服务器,我们成功解决了这个问题。在修改后的爬虫程序中,我们设置了草莓的超时时间,并使用了上述提供的代理信息。经过多次尝试,我们成功获取了所需的航班数据,并顺利完成了后续的数据处理和分析工作。
import requests
url = "https://www.xiamenair.com/"
proxyHost = "www.16yun.cn"
proxyPort = "5445"
proxyUser = "16QMSOML"
proxyPass = "280651"
proxies = {
"http": f"http://{proxyUser}:{proxyPass}@{proxyHost}:{proxyPort}",
"https": f"https://{proxyUser}:{proxyPass}@{proxyHost}:{proxyPort}"
}
try:
response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies, timeout=10)
if response.status_code == 200:
# 处理获取到的数据
pass
else:
print(f"Error {response.status_code}: {response.reason}")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")