NLP之LSTM与BiLSTM

文章目录

  • 代码展示
  • 代码解读
  • 双向LSTM介绍(BiLSTM)

代码展示

import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
tf.random.set_seed(1)
df = pd.read_csv("../data/Clothing Reviews.csv")
print(df.info())

df['Review Text'] = df['Review Text'].astype(str)
x_train = df['Review Text']
y_train = df['Rating']
print(y_train.unique())
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 23486 entries, 0 to 23485
Data columns (total 11 columns):
 #   Column                   Non-Null Count  Dtype 
---  ------                   --------------  ----- 
 0   Unnamed: 0               23486 non-null  int64 
 1   Clothing ID              23486 non-null  int64 
 2   Age                      23486 non-null  int64 
 3   Title                    19676 non-null  object
 4   Review Text              22641 non-null  object
 5   Rating                   23486 non-null  int64 
 6   Recommended IND          23486 non-null  int64 
 7   Positive Feedback Count  23486 non-null  int64 
 8   Division Name            23472 non-null  object
 9   Department Name          23472 non-null  object
 10  Class Name               23472 non-null  object
[4 5 3 2 1]
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.text import Tokenizer

dict_size = 14848
tokenizer = Tokenizer(num_words=dict_size)

tokenizer.fit_on_texts(x_train)
print(len(tokenizer.word_index),tokenizer.index_word)

x_train_tokenized = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(x_train)
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences
max_comment_length = 120
x_train = pad_sequences(x_train_tokenized,maxlen=max_comment_length)

for v in x_train[:10]:
    print(v,len(v))
# 构建RNN神经网络
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense,SimpleRNN,Embedding,LSTM,Bidirectional
import tensorflow as tf

rnn = Sequential()
# 对于rnn来说首先进行词向量的操作
rnn.add(Embedding(input_dim=dict_size,output_dim=60,input_length=max_comment_length))
# RNN:simple_rnn (SimpleRNN)  (None, 100)   16100
# LSTM:simple_rnn (SimpleRNN)  (None, 100)  64400
rnn.add(Bidirectional(LSTM(units=100)))  # 第二层构建了100个RNN神经元
rnn.add(Dense(units=10,activation=tf.nn.relu))
rnn.add(Dense(units=6,activation=tf.nn.softmax))  # 输出分类的结果
rnn.compile(loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',optimizer="adam",metrics=['accuracy'])
print(rnn.summary())
result = rnn.fit(x_train,y_train,batch_size=64,validation_split=0.3,epochs=10)
print(result)
print(result.history)

代码解读

首先,我们来总结这段代码的流程:

  1. 导入了必要的TensorFlow Keras模块。
  2. 初始化了一个Sequential模型,这表示我们的模型会按顺序堆叠各层。
  3. 添加了一个Embedding层,用于将整数索引(对应词汇)转换为密集向量。
  4. 添加了一个双向LSTM层,其中包含100个神经元。
  5. 添加了两个Dense全连接层,分别包含10个和6个神经元。
  6. 使用sparse_categorical_crossentropy损失函数编译了模型。
  7. 打印了模型的摘要。
  8. 使用给定的训练数据和验证数据对模型进行了训练。
  9. 打印了训练的结果。

现在,让我们逐行解读代码:

  1. 导入依赖:
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense,SimpleRNN,Embedding,LSTM,Bidirectional
import tensorflow as tf

你导入了创建和训练RNN模型所需的TensorFlow Keras库。

  1. 初始化模型:
rnn = Sequential()

你选择了一个顺序模型,这意味着你可以简单地按顺序添加层。

  1. 添加Embedding层:
rnn.add(Embedding(input_dim=dict_size,output_dim=60,input_length=max_comment_length))

此层将整数索引转换为固定大小的向量。dict_size是词汇表的大小,max_comment_length是输入评论的最大长度。

  1. 添加LSTM层:
rnn.add(Bidirectional(LSTM(units=100)))

你选择了双向LSTM,这意味着它会考虑过去和未来的信息。它有100个神经元。

  1. 添加全连接层:
rnn.add(Dense(units=10,activation=tf.nn.relu))
rnn.add(Dense(units=6,activation=tf.nn.softmax))

这两个Dense层用于模型的输出,最后一层使用softmax激活函数进行6类的分类。

  1. 编译模型:
rnn.compile(loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',optimizer="adam",metrics=['accuracy'])

你选择了一个适合分类问题的损失函数,并选择了adam优化器。

  1. 显示模型摘要:
print(rnn.summary())

这将展示模型的结构和参数数量。

Model: "sequential"
_________________________________________________________________
 Layer (type)                Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
 embedding (Embedding)       (None, 120, 60)           890880    
                                                                 
 bidirectional (Bidirectiona  (None, 200)              128800    
 l)                                                              
                                                                 
 dense (Dense)               (None, 10)                2010      
                                                                 
 dense_1 (Dense)             (None, 6)                 66        
                                                                 
=================================================================
  1. 训练模型:
result = rnn.fit(x_train,y_train,batch_size=64,validation_split=0.3,epochs=10)

你用训练数据集训练了模型,其中30%的数据用作验证,训练了10个周期。

Epoch 1/10
257/257 [==============================] - 74s 258ms/step - loss: 1.2142 - accuracy: 0.5470 - val_loss: 1.0998 - val_accuracy: 0.5521
Epoch 2/10
257/257 [==============================] - 57s 221ms/step - loss: 0.9335 - accuracy: 0.6293 - val_loss: 0.9554 - val_accuracy: 0.6094
Epoch 3/10
257/257 [==============================] - 59s 229ms/step - loss: 0.8363 - accuracy: 0.6616 - val_loss: 0.9321 - val_accuracy: 0.6168
Epoch 4/10
257/257 [==============================] - 61s 236ms/step - loss: 0.7795 - accuracy: 0.6833 - val_loss: 0.9812 - val_accuracy: 0.6089
Epoch 5/10
257/257 [==============================] - 56s 217ms/step - loss: 0.7281 - accuracy: 0.7010 - val_loss: 0.9559 - val_accuracy: 0.6043
Epoch 6/10
257/257 [==============================] - 56s 219ms/step - loss: 0.6934 - accuracy: 0.7156 - val_loss: 1.0197 - val_accuracy: 0.5999
Epoch 7/10
257/257 [==============================] - 57s 220ms/step - loss: 0.6514 - accuracy: 0.7364 - val_loss: 1.1192 - val_accuracy: 0.6080
Epoch 8/10
257/257 [==============================] - 57s 222ms/step - loss: 0.6258 - accuracy: 0.7486 - val_loss: 1.1350 - val_accuracy: 0.6100
Epoch 9/10
257/257 [==============================] - 57s 220ms/step - loss: 0.5839 - accuracy: 0.7749 - val_loss: 1.1537 - val_accuracy: 0.6019
Epoch 10/10
257/257 [==============================] - 57s 222ms/step - loss: 0.5424 - accuracy: 0.7945 - val_loss: 1.1715 - val_accuracy: 0.5744
<keras.callbacks.History object at 0x00000244DCE06D90>
  1. 显示训练结果:
print(result)
print(result.history)

这将展示训练过程中的损失和准确性等信息。

双向LSTM介绍(BiLSTM)

NLP之LSTM与BiLSTM_第1张图片
NLP之LSTM与BiLSTM_第2张图片
NLP之LSTM与BiLSTM_第3张图片
例子:
NLP之LSTM与BiLSTM_第4张图片
NLP之LSTM与BiLSTM_第5张图片
NLP之LSTM与BiLSTM_第6张图片

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