postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试

开发完接口,接下来我们需要对我们开发的接口进行测试。接口测试的方法比较多,使用接口工具或者Python来测试都可以,工具方面比如之前我们学习过的Postman或者Jmeter ,Python脚本测试可以使用Requests + unittest来测试。

测试思路
功能测试:数据的增删改查
异常测试:未授权,参数异常等
Postman测试
使用测试工具Postman测试结果如下所示:

user接口测试
查询所有用户
postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第1张图片

创建用户

postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第2张图片

修改用户

postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第3张图片

 删除用户

postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第4张图片

未授权测试

postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第5张图片

groups接口测试

查询所有groups数据

postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第6张图片

修改group数据

postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第7张图片 删除groups

postman接口测试—Restful接口开发与测试_第8张图片

Requests+Unittest

api目录下面新建一个test_unittest.py,代码实现如下:

tests_unittest.py

 
import requests
import unittest
 
class UserTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
        self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')
 
    def test_get_user(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
 
 
    def test_add_user(self):
        form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')
 
 
    def test_delete_user(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)
 
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
 
    def test_update_user(self):
        form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
 
 
    def test_no_auth(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')
 
class GroupTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
        self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')
 
    def test_group_developer(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/7/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Developer')
 
    def test_add_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Pm'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')
 
    def test_update_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Boss'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')
 
    def test_detele_group(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)
 
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
 
Django自带测试模块

打开api目录下面的tests文件,编写如下测试代码

tests.py

 
from django.test import TestCase
import requests
 
# Create your tests here.
class UserTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
        self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxx')
 
    def test_get_user(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
 
    # @unittest.skip('skip add user')
    def test_add_user(self):
        form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')
 
    # @unittest.skip('skip test_delete_user')
    def test_delete_user(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)
 
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
 
    def test_update_user(self):
        form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
 
    def test_user_already_exists(self):
        form_data = {'username': 'zxw222', 'email': '[email protected]', 'groups': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r = requests.post(self.base_url + '/', data=form_data, auth=self.auth)
        result = r.json()
        #预期返回值:{"username":["A user with that username already exists."]}
        self.assertEqual(result['username'][0], 'A user with that username already exists.')
 
    def test_no_auth(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')
 
class GroupTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
        self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxxx')
 
    def test_group_developer(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/3/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')
 
    # @unittest.skip('skip test_add_group')
    def test_add_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Leader'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Leader')
 
    def test_update_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Boss'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()
 
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')
 
    def test_detele_group(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)
 
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
 
 

运行方式:打开cmd使用如下命令来运行即可:

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test
 

上面命令是默认测试全部的用例,如果想测试部分用例则可以使用如下命令:

测试指定的测试类

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest
 

测试具体的某一条具体用例

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest.test_get_user
 

报错相关

1.迁移数据库时没有权限写入

File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.InternalError: (7, "Error on rename of '.\\httprunnermanager\\#sql-1178_7.frm' to '.\\httprunnermanager\\djcelery_taskstate.frm' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)")

原因:可能是杀毒软件通过阻止修改frm文件来解决此问题。通过在杀毒软件威胁防护高级选项中禁用按访问扫描,并杀毒软件设置为忽略这些扩展名来解决此问题

  1. 迁移数据库时没有清除之前的迁移文件migrations
  File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'djcelery_crontabschedule' already exists")

解决方案:删除migrations文件夹即可。

  1. setting配置错误
raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table ((1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1"))
 

解决方案:Django2.1不再支持MySQL5.5,必须5.6版本以上 可以使用如下命令 查看当前Mysql版本

mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.1-dmr for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))

【软件测试行业现状】2023年干测试,约等于49年入国军。未来已寄..测试人该何去何从?【自动化测试、软件测试面试、性能测试】

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