Python socket编程

1:socket:中文称为套接字
2:线程之间的通信有很多种形式,例如event事件,lock锁,信号量,queue队列等
3:进程之间的通信(IPC: Inter-Process Communication),一般使用套接字,当然还有其他的通信方式,套接字的IPC方式使得跨平台之间的进程通信成为可能。最早的socket是在BSD-Unix平台上发布,最终成为了行业标准,使得计算机之间的通信变得非常简单

socket.AF_UNIX 用于同一台机器上的进程通信(既本机通信)
socket.AF_INET 用于服务器与服务器之间的网络通信
socket.AF_INET6 基于IPV6方式的服务器与服务器之间的网络通信
socket.SOCK_STREAM 基于TCP的流式socket通信
socket.SOCK_DGRAM 基于UDP的数据报式socket通信
socket.SOCK_RAW 原始套接字,普通的套接字无法处理ICMP、IGMP等网络报文,而SOCK_RAW可以;其次SOCK_RAW也可以处理特殊的IPV4报文;此外,利用原始套接字,可以通过IP_HDRINCL套接字选项由用户构造IP头
socket.SOCK_SEQPACKET 可靠的连续数据包服务

TCP服务端代码示例

import socket
from pprint import pprint
# 创建TCP连接
socket_instance = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
socket_instance.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9000))
# 操作系统可以挂起的最大连接数,如果同一时间的连接数超过5,拒绝其他的连接
socket_instance.listen(5)
# 循环接收新的客户端连接
while True:
    # 接收客户端的请求,且获取新socket对象和客户端信息
    new_socket, client_addr = socket_instance.accept()
    # 循环接收已连接的客户端发送的数据
    while True:
        # 从缓存区中读取1024字节信息
        data = new_socket.recv(1024).decode()
        # 返回客户端的一下信息
        pprint(data)
        # 返回客户端地址 ('127.0.0.1', 65148)
        pprint(client_addr)
        # 发送数据
        new_socket.sendall('服务器已收到您的消息'.encode())

TCP客户端代码实现

import socket
# 创建TCP连接
socket_instance = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
socket_instance.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9000))
while True:
    cmd = input("请输入您想说的话:")
    socket_instance.send(cmd.encode())
    # 服务器返回信息
    data = socket_instance.recv(1024)
    print(data)

UDP服务器端代码实现

import socket
# 创建UDP连接
socket_instance = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
socket_instance.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9000))
# 循环接收新的客户端连接
while True:
    # 接收客户端的请求,且获取新socket对象和客户端信息
    data, client_addr = socket_instance.recvfrom(1024)
    print(data.decode())
    socket_instance.sendto('服务器已收到您的消息'.encode(), client_addr)

UDP客户端代码实现

import socket
# 创建socket实例
socket_instance = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
while True:
    data = input("请输入您想说的话:")
    socket_instance.sendto(data.encode(), ('127.0.0.1', 9000))
    data, server_addr = socket_instance.recvfrom(1024)
    print(data.decode())

线程级别的TCPServer

import threading
import logging
import socket
from pprint import pprint

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(message)s', filename='./app.log')

def showThread():
    while not threading.Event().wait(3):
        logging.info(threading.enumerate())
        logging.info(threading.active_count())

class ChatServer:
    # 初始化:绑定端口
    def __init__(self, ip='127.0.0.1', port=9000):
        self.socket = socket.socket()
        self.addr = (ip, port)
        self.event = threading.Event()
        self.clients = {}

    def start(self):
        # 绑定地址,监听地址
        self.socket.bind(self.addr)
        self.socket.listen(10)
        # 将阻塞的accept()方法放到线程执行
        threading.Thread(target=self.__accept, name='accept').start()

    def __accept(self):
        # 阻塞的accept()方法,只要请求进来,就响应
        while not self.event.is_set():
            try:
                conn, addr= self.socket.accept()
                self.clients[addr] = conn
                threading.Thread(target=self.__receive, args=(addr,), name='receive').start()
                pprint(self.clients)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)

    def __receive(self, addr):
        while not self.event.is_set():
            conn = self.clients[addr]
            try:
                data = conn.recv(1024).decode()
            except Exception as e:
                data = 'quit'
            print(data)
            if data.strip() == 'quit':
                print('~~~~~~~~~~~quit')
                conn.close()
                self.clients.pop(addr)
                break
            pprint(self.clients)
            # 这里改下可以变为群聊
            if addr in self.clients.keys():
                try:
                    conn.send('回复{}的请求\n'.format(addr).encode())
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)

    def stop(self):
        self.event.set()
        conn_list = self.clients.values()
        for conn in conn_list:
            conn.close()
        self.event.wait(1)
        try:
            self.socket.close()
        except ConnectionAbortedError as e:
            print(e)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 2 初始化ChatServer
    chatServer = ChatServer()
    # 3:用户循环输入数据
    while True:
        cmd = input('请输入命令: ').strip()
        if cmd == 'start':
            chatServer.start()
            print('chatServer is start')
        elif cmd == 'stop':
            chatServer.stop()
            print('chatServer is stop')
            break
        else:
            print('请输入start or stop')

TCP Client客户端

import socket
# 创建TCP连接
socket_instance = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
socket_instance.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9000))
while True:
    cmd = input("请输入您想说的话:")
    socket_instance.send(cmd.encode())
    data = socket_instance.recv(1024)
    print(data.decode())

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