磁盘分区
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=10240
来源 生成文件系统 block大小 块个数
[root@oldboyedu ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
5242880 bytes (5.2 MB) copied, 0.0810606 s, 64.7 MB/s
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ls -l /dev/sdc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5242880 Mar 29 09:55 /dev/sdc
[root@oldboyedu ~]# file /dev/sdc
/dev/sdc: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0x83, active, starthead 32, startsector 2048, 524288 sectors; partition 2: ID=0x82, starthead 194, startsector 526336, 1572864 sectors; partition 3: ID=0x83, starthead 170, startsector 2099200, 39843840 sectors, code offset 0x63
[root@oldboyedu ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 16 1048576 sdb
8 17 153600 sdb1
8 18 153600 sdb2
8 19 153600 sdb3
8 20 1 sdb4
8 21 153600 sdb5
8 22 153600 sdb6
8 23 153600 sdb7
8 0 20971520 sda
8 1 262144 sda1
8 2 786432 sda2
8 3 19921920 sda3
11 0 1048575 sr0
parted ：
[root@shizhenghao ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@shizhenghao ~]# ll /dev/sdb*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 Mar 29 10:12 /dev/sdb
[root@shizhenghao ~]# part /dev//sdb
-bash: part: command not found
[root@shizhenghao ~]# parted /dev//sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: sun
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this
disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart primary 0 4800000
Error: The location 4800000 is outside of the device /dev/sdb.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart primary 0 480000
Error: The location 480000 is outside of the device /dev/sdb.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart primary 0 480
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? ignore
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 480MB 480MB primary
(parted) mkpart primary 480 481
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 480MB 480MB primary
2 480MB 481MB 1049kB primary
(parted) mkpart primary 481 581
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 480MB 480MB primary
2 480MB 481MB 1049kB primary
3 481MB 581MB 99.6MB primary
(parted) mkpart primary 481 581
Warning: You requested a partition from 481MB to 581MB (sectors 939453..1134765).
The closest location we can manage is 581MB to 581MB (sectors 1134592..1134592).
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? no
(parted) mkpart primary 581 581
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 480MB 480MB primary
2 480MB 481MB 1049kB primary
3 481MB 581MB 99.6MB primary
4 581MB 581MB 89.1kB primary
(parted) rm 2
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 480MB 480MB primary
3 481MB 581MB 99.6MB primary
4 581MB 581MB 89.1kB primary
文件系统：
[root@oldboyedu ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +100M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000006b6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 206847 102400 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (206848-2097151, default 206848):
Using default value 206848
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (206848-2097151, default 2097151): +100M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000006b6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 206847 102400 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 206848 411647 102400 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ls -l /dev/sdb*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 Mar 29 11:31 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 Mar 29 11:31 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 18 Mar 29 11:31 /dev/sdb2
1、什么是文件系统？
计算机存储和组织数据的方法或者机制。落地是一个软件
2、为什么需要文件系统？
磁盘、物理介质、磁粒子物理元素。硬件需要软件驱动使用，磁盘需要文件系统驱动。
文件系统实现通过磁盘管理规划、存取数据。
3、文件系统有哪些种类？
windows：NTFS、fat32、mados
linux：ext2、ext3（c5）、ext4（c6）、xfs（c7）、btrfs
4、创建文件系统实践：
5、文件系统原理（ext4文件系统）
6、企业中如何选择文件系统。
7、如何优化文件系统?
格式化/dev/sdb1,指定格式-t ext4
[root@oldboyedu ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
25688 inodes, 102400 blocks
5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
13 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1976 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
把 /dev/sdb1 挂载到/mnt
[root@oldboyedu ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt #挂载到/mnt
[root@oldboyedu ~]# df -h #查看挂载结果
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 19G 1.9G 18G 10% /
devtmpfs 980M 5.0M 975M 1% /dev
tmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 991M 18M 973M 2% /run
tmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 253M 136M 118M 54% /boot
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/0
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1 93M 1.6M 85M 2% /mnt #<====已挂载。
[root@oldboyedu ~]# cat /proc/mounts #查看挂载结果
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
configfs /sys/kernel/config configfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda3 / xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0
systemd-1 /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc autofs rw,relatime,fd=32,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=19277 0 0
hugetlbfs /dev/hugepages hugetlbfs rw,relatime 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime 0 0
mqueue /dev/mqueue mqueue rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda1 /boot xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0
tmpfs /run/user/0 tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=202812k,mode=700 0 0
tmpfs /run/user/1000 tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=202812k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mnt ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 0 #<====已挂载。
[root@oldboyedu ~]# touch /mnt/oldboy
[root@oldboyedu ~]# ls /mnt
lost+found oldboy