Android RecyclerView — 实现自动加载更多

在App中,使用列表来显示数据是十分常见的。使用列表来展示数据,最好不要一次加载太多的数据,特别是带图片时,页面渲染的时间会变长,常见的做法是进行分页加载。本文介绍一种无感实现自动加载更多的实现方式。

实现自动加载更多

自动加载更多这个功能,其实就是在滑动列表的过程中加载分页数据,这样在加载完所有分页数据之前就可以不停地滑动列表。

计算刷新临界点

手动加载更多一般是当列表滑动到当前最后一个Item后,再向上拖动RecyclerView控件来触发。不难看出来,最后一个Item就是一般加载更多功能的临界点,当达到临界点之后,继续滑动就加载分页数据。对于自动加载更多这个功能来说,如果使用最后一个Item作为临界点,就无法做到在加载完所有分页数据之前不停地滑动列表。那么自动加载更多这个功能的临界点应该是什么呢?

RecyclerView在手机屏幕上一次可显示的Item数量是有限的,相当于对所有Item进行了分页。当倒数第二页Item的最后一个Item显示在屏幕上时,是一个不错的加载下一分页数据的时机。

  • 获取RecyclerView的可视Item数量

通过LayoutManagerfindLastVisibleItemPosition()findFirstVisibleItemPosition()方法,可以计算出可视Item数量。

private fun calculateVisibleItemCount() {
    (recyclerView.layoutManager as? LinearLayoutManager)?.let { linearLayoutManager ->
        // 可视Item数量
        val visibleItemCount = linearLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition() - linearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition()
    }
}
  • 计算临界点

通过LayoutManagergetItemCount()方法,可以获取Item的总量。Item总量减一再减去可视Item数量就是倒数第二页Item的最后一个Item的位置。然后通过LayoutManagerfindViewByPosition()方法来获取临界点Item控件,当Item未显示时,返回值为null

private fun calculateCriticalPoint() {
    (binding.rvExampleDataContainerVertical.layoutManager as? LinearLayoutManager)?.let { linearLayoutManager ->
        // 可视Item数量
        val visibleItemCount = linearLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition() - linearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition()
        // 临界点位置
        val criticalPointPosition = (linearLayoutManager.itemCount - 1) - visibleItemCount
        // 获取临界点Item的控件,未显示时返回null。
        val criticalPointItemView = linearLayoutManager.findViewByPosition(criticalPointPosition)
    }
}

监听列表滑动

通过RecyclerViewaddOnScrollListener()方法,可以对RecyclerView添加滑动监听。在滑动监听中的回调里,可以对RecyclerView的滑动方向以及是否达到了临界点进行判断,当达到临界点时就可以加载下一页的分页数据。代码如下:

private fun checkLoadMore() {
    binding.rvExampleDataContainerVertical.addOnScrollListener(object : RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {

        private var scrollToEnd = false

        override fun onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView: RecyclerView, newState: Int) {
            super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState)
            (recyclerView.layoutManager as? LinearLayoutManager)?.let { linearLayoutManager ->
                // 判断是拖动或者惯性滑动
                if (newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_DRAGGING || newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_SETTLING) {
                    // 可视Item数量
                    val visibleItemCount = linearLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition() - linearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition()
                    // 临界点位置
                    val criticalPointPosition = (linearLayoutManager.itemCount - 1) - visibleItemCount
                    // 获取临界点Item的控件,未显示时返回null。
                    val criticalPointItemView = linearLayoutManager.findViewByPosition(criticalPointPosition)
                    // 判断是向着列表尾部滚动,并且临界点已经显示,可以加载更多数据。
                    if (scrollToEnd && criticalPointItemView != null) {
                        // 加载更多数据
                        ......
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        override fun onScrolled(recyclerView: RecyclerView, dx: Int, dy: Int) {
            super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy)
            (recyclerView.layoutManager as? LinearLayoutManager)?.let { linearLayoutManager ->
                scrollToEnd = if (linearLayoutManager.orientation == LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL) {
                    // 竖向列表判断向下滑动
                    dy > 0
                } else {
                    // 横向列表判断向右滑动
                    dx > 0
                }
            }
        }
    })
}

完整演示代码

  • 适配器
class AutoLoadMoreExampleAdapter(private val vertical: Boolean = true) : RecyclerView.Adapter() {

    private val containerData = ArrayList()

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        return if (vertical) {
            AutoLoadMoreItemVerticalViewHolder(LayoutAutoLoadMoreExampleItemVerticalBinding.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(parent.context), parent, false))
        } else {
            AutoLoadMoreItemHorizontalViewHolder(LayoutAutoLoadMoreExampleItemHorizontalBinding.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(parent.context), parent, false))
        }
    }

    override fun getItemCount(): Int {
        return containerData.size
    }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: RecyclerView.ViewHolder, position: Int) {
        when (holder) {
            is AutoLoadMoreItemVerticalViewHolder -> {
                holder.itemViewBinding.tvTextContent.text = containerData[position]
            }

            is AutoLoadMoreItemHorizontalViewHolder -> {
                holder.itemViewBinding.tvTextContent.text = containerData[position]
            }
        }
    }

    fun setNewData(newData: ArrayList) {
        val currentItemCount = itemCount
        if (currentItemCount != 0) {
            containerData.clear()
            notifyItemRangeRemoved(0, currentItemCount)
        }
        if (newData.isNotEmpty()) {
            containerData.addAll(newData)
            notifyItemRangeChanged(0, itemCount)
        }
    }

    fun addData(newData: ArrayList) {
        val currentItemCount = itemCount
        if (newData.isNotEmpty()) {
            this.containerData.addAll(newData)
            notifyItemRangeChanged(currentItemCount, itemCount)
        }
    }

    class AutoLoadMoreItemVerticalViewHolder(val itemViewBinding: LayoutAutoLoadMoreExampleItemVerticalBinding) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemViewBinding.root)

    class AutoLoadMoreItemHorizontalViewHolder(val itemViewBinding: LayoutAutoLoadMoreExampleItemHorizontalBinding) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemViewBinding.root)
}
  • 示例页面
class AutoLoadMoreExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private val prePageCount = 20

    private var verticalRvVisibleItemCount = 0

    private val verticalRvAdapter = AutoLoadMoreExampleAdapter()

    private val verticalRvScrollListener = object : RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {

        private var scrollToBottom = false

        override fun onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView: RecyclerView, newState: Int) {
            super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState)
            (recyclerView.layoutManager as? LinearLayoutManager)?.let { linearLayoutManager ->
                // 判断是拖动或者惯性滑动
                if (newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_DRAGGING || newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_SETTLING) {
                    if (verticalRvVisibleItemCount == 0) {
                        // 获取列表可视Item的数量
                        verticalRvVisibleItemCount = linearLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition() - linearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition()
                    }
                    // 判断是向着列表尾部滚动,并且临界点已经显示,可以加载更多数据。
                    if (scrollToBottom && linearLayoutManager.findViewByPosition(linearLayoutManager.itemCount - 1 - verticalRvVisibleItemCount) != null) {
                        loadData()
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        override fun onScrolled(recyclerView: RecyclerView, dx: Int, dy: Int) {
            super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy)
            // 判断列表是向列表尾部滚动
            scrollToBottom = dy > 0
        }
    }

    private var horizontalRvVisibleItemCount = 0

    private val horizontalRvAdapter = AutoLoadMoreExampleAdapter(false)

    private val horizontalRvScrollListener = object : RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {

        private var scrollToEnd = false

        override fun onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView: RecyclerView, newState: Int) {
            super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState)
            (recyclerView.layoutManager as? LinearLayoutManager)?.let { linearLayoutManager ->
                // 判断是拖动或者惯性滑动
                if (newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_DRAGGING || newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_SETTLING) {
                    if (horizontalRvVisibleItemCount == 0) {
                        // 获取列表可视Item的数量
                        horizontalRvVisibleItemCount = linearLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition() - linearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition()
                    }
                    // 判断是向着列表尾部滚动,并且临界点已经显示,可以加载更多数据。
                    if (scrollToEnd && linearLayoutManager.findViewByPosition(linearLayoutManager.itemCount - 1 - horizontalRvVisibleItemCount) != null) {
                        loadData()
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        override fun onScrolled(recyclerView: RecyclerView, dx: Int, dy: Int) {
            super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy)
            // 判断列表是向列表尾部滚动
            scrollToEnd = dx > 0
        }
    }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val binding = LayoutAutoLoadMoreExampleActivityBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)

        binding.includeTitle.tvTitle.text = "AutoLoadMoreExample"

        binding.rvExampleDataContainerVertical.adapter = verticalRvAdapter
        binding.rvExampleDataContainerVertical.addOnScrollListener(verticalRvScrollListener)

        binding.rvExampleDataContainerHorizontal.adapter = horizontalRvAdapter
        binding.rvExampleDataContainerHorizontal.addOnScrollListener(horizontalRvScrollListener)

        loadData()
    }

    fun loadData() {
        val init = verticalRvAdapter.itemCount == 0
        val start = verticalRvAdapter.itemCount
        val end = verticalRvAdapter.itemCount + prePageCount

        val testData = ArrayList()
        for (index in start until end) {
            testData.add("item$index")
        }
        if (init) {
            verticalRvAdapter.setNewData(testData)
            horizontalRvAdapter.setNewData(testData)
        } else {
            verticalRvAdapter.addData(testData)
            horizontalRvAdapter.addData(testData)
        }
    }
}

效果如图:

Android RecyclerView — 实现自动加载更多_第1张图片

可以看见,分页设定为每页20条数据,列表可以在滑动中无感的实现加载更多。

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