Python 3：标准库介绍

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• 参照Python3.5官方手册，写一下python SDL库的笔记，持续更新

1 Introduction

• 简要介绍Python标准库

2 Built-in Functions

• 内置函数

3 Built-in Constants

• 内置常量

3.1 Constants added by the site module

4 Built-in Types

• 内置类型

4.1 Truth Value Testing

4.2 Boolean Operations — and, or, not

4.3 Comparisons

4.4 Numeric Types — int, float, complex

4.5 Iterator Types

4.6 Sequence Types — list, tuple, range

4.7 Text Sequence Type — str

4.8 Binary Sequence Types — bytes, bytearray, memoryview

4.9 Set Types — set, frozenset

4.10 Mapping Types — dict

5 Built-in Exceptions

• 内置异常

5.1 Base classes

5.2 Concrete exceptions

5.3 Warnings

5.4 Exception hierarchy

6 Text Processing Services

• 文本处理服务

6.1 string — Common string operations

6.2 re — Regular expression operations

6.3 difflib — Helpers for computing deltas

6.4 textwrap — Text wrapping and filling

6.5 unicodedata — Unicode Database

6.6 stringprep — Internet String Preparation

6.7 readline — GNU readline interface

6.8 rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline

7 Binary Data Services

• 二进制数据处理服务

7.1 struct — Interpret bytes as packed binary data

7.2 codecs — Codec registry and base classes

8 Data Types

• 数据类型

8.1 datetime — Basic date and time types

8.2 calendar — General calendar-related functions

8.3 collections — Container datatypes

8.4 collectionsabc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers

8.5 heapq — Heap queue algorithm

8.6 bisect — Array bisection algorithm

8.7 array — Efficient arrays of numeric values

8.8 weakref — Weak references

8.9 types — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types

8.10 copy — Shallow and deep copy operations

8.11 pprint — Data pretty printer

8.12 reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation

8.13 enum — Support for enumerations

9 Numeric and Mathematical Modules

• 数值和数学模型

9.1 numbers — Numeric abstract base classes

9.2 math — Mathematical functions

9.3 cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers

9.4 decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic

9.5 fractions — Rational numbers

9.6 random — Generate pseudo-random numbers

9.7 statistics — Mathematical statistics functions

10 Functional Programming Modules

• 函数式编程模块

10.1 itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping

10.2 functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects

10.3 operator — Standard operators as functions

11 File and Directory Access

• 文件和目录存取

11.1 pathlib — Object-oriented filesystem paths

11.2 ospath — Common pathname manipulations

11.3 fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams

11.4 stat — Interpreting stat() results

11.5 filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons

11.6 tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories

11.7 glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion

11.8 fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching

11.9 linecache — Random access to text lines

11.10 shutil — High-level file operations

11.11 macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions

12 Data Persistence

• 数据永久存储

12.1 pickle — Python object serialization

12.2 copyreg — Register pickle support functions

12.3 shelve — Python object persistence

12.4 marshal — Internal Python object serialization

12.5 dbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases”

12.6 sqlite3 — DB-API 20 interface for SQLite databases

13 Data Compression and Archiving

• 数据压缩和归档

13.1 zlib — Compression compatible with gzip

13.2 gzip — Support for gzip files

13.3 bz2 — Support for bzip2 compression

13.4 lzma — Compression using the LZMA algorithm

13.5 zipfile — Work with ZIP archives

13.6 tarfile — Read and write tar archive files

14 File Formats

• 文件格式

14.1 csv — CSV File Reading and Writing

14.2 configparser — Configuration file parser

14.3 netrc — netrc file processing

14.4 xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data

14.5 plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files

15 Cryptographic Services

• 加密服务

15.1 hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests

15.2 hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication

16 Generic Operating System Services

• 通用操作系统服务

16.1 os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces

16.2 io — Core tools for working with streams

16.3 time — Time access and conversions

16.4 argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands

16.5 getopt — C-style parser for command line options

16.6 logging — Logging facility for Python

16.7 loggingconfig — Logging configuration

16.8 logginghandlers — Logging handlers

16.9 getpass — Portable password input

16.10 curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays

16.11 cursestextpad — Text input widget for curses programs

16.12 cursesascii — Utilities for ASCII characters

16.13 cursespanel — A panel stack extension for curses

16.14 platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data

16.15 errno — Standard errno system symbols

16.16 ctypes — A foreign function library for Python

17 Concurrent Execution

• 并行执行

17.1 threading — Thread-based parallelism

17.2 multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism

17.3 The concurrent package

17.4 concurrentfutures — Launching parallel tasks

17.5 subprocess — Subprocess management

17.6 sched — Event scheduler

17.7 queue — A synchronized queue class

17.8 dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module

17.9 _thread — Low-level threading API

17.10 _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module

18 Interprocess Communication and Networking

• 进程间通信和网络

18.1 socket — Low-level networking interface

18.2 ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects

18.3 select — Waiting for I/O completion

18.4 selectors — High-level I/O multiplexing

18.5 asyncio — Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks

18.6 asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler

18.7 asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler

18.8 signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events

18.9 mmap — Memory-mapped file support

19 Internet Data Handling

• 网络数据处理

19.1 email — An email and MIME handling package

19.2 json — JSON encoder and decoder

19.3 mailcap — Mailcap file handling

19.4 mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats

19.5 mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types

19.6 base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings

19.7 binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files

19.8 binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII

19.9 quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data

19.10 uu — Encode and decode uuencode files

20 Structured Markup Processing Tools

• 结构化标记处理工具

20.1 html — HyperText Markup Language support

20.2 htmlparser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser

20.3 htmlentities — Definitions of HTML general entities

20.4 XML Processing Modules

20.5 xmletreeElementTree — The ElementTree XML API

20.6 xmldom — The Document Object Model API

20.7 xmldomminidom — Minimal DOM implementation

20.8 xmldompulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees

20.9 xmlsax — Support for SAX2 parsers

20.10 xmlsaxhandler — Base classes for SAX handlers

20.11 xmlsaxsaxutils — SAX Utilities

20.12 xmlsaxxmlreader — Interface for XML parsers

20.13 xmlparsersexpat — Fast XML parsing using Expat

21 Internet Protocols and Support

• 互联网协议及支持

21.1 webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller

21.2 cgi — Common Gateway Interface support

21.3 cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts

21.4 wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation

21.5 urllib — URL handling modules

21.6 urllibrequest — Extensible library for opening URLs

21.7 urllibresponse — Response classes used by urllib

21.8 urllibparse — Parse URLs into components

21.9 urlliberror — Exception classes raised by urllibrequest

21.10 urllibrobotparser — Parser for robotstxt

21.11 http — HTTP modules

21.12 httpclient — HTTP protocol client

21.13 ftplib — FTP protocol client

21.14 poplib — POP3 protocol client

21.15 imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client

21.16 nntplib — NNTP protocol client

21.17 smtplib — SMTP protocol client

21.18 smtpd — SMTP Server

21.19 telnetlib — Telnet client

21.20 uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122

21.21 socketserver — A framework for network servers

21.22 httpserver — HTTP servers

21.23 httpcookies — HTTP state management

21.24 httpcookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients

21.25 xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modules

21.26 xmlrpcclient — XML-RPC client access

21.27 xmlrpcserver — Basic XML-RPC servers

21.28 ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library

22 Multimedia Services

• 多媒体服务

22.1 audioop — Manipulate raw audio data

22.2 aifc — Read and write AIFF and AIFC files

22.3 sunau — Read and write Sun AU files

22.4 wave — Read and write WAV files

22.5 chunk — Read IFF chunked data

22.6 colorsys — Conversions between color systems

22.7 imghdr — Determine the type of an image

22.8 sndhdr — Determine type of sound file

22.9 ossaudiodev — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices

23 Internationalization

• 国际化

23.1 gettext — Multilingual internationalization services

23.2 locale — Internationalization services

24 Program Frameworks

• 程序框架

24.1 turtle — Turtle graphics

24.2 cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters

24.3 shlex — Simple lexical analysis

25 Graphical User Interfaces with Tk

• 图形用户接口

25.1 tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk

25.2 tkinterttk — Tk themed widgets

25.3 tkintertix — Extension widgets for Tk

25.4 tkinterscrolledtext — Scrolled Text Widget

25.5 IDLE

25.6 Other Graphical User Interface Packages

26 Development Tools

• 开发工具

26.1 typing — Support for type hints

26.2 pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system

26.3 doctest — Test interactive Python examples

26.4 unittest — Unit testing framework

26.5 unittestmock — mock object library

26.6 unittestmock — getting started

26.7 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation

26.8 test — Regression tests package for Python

26.9 testsupport — Utilities for the Python test suite

27 Debugging and Profiling

• 调试和性能分析

27.1 bdb — Debugger framework

27.2 faulthandler — Dump the Python traceback

27.3 pdb — The Python Debugger

27.4 The Python Profilers

27.5 timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets

27.6 trace — Trace or track Python statement execution

27.7 tracemalloc — Trace memory allocations

28 Software Packaging and Distribution

• 软件打包和分发

28.1 distutils — Building and installing Python modules

28.2 ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer

28.3 venv — Creation of virtual environments

28.4 zipapp — Manage executable python zip archives

29 Python Runtime Services

• 运行时服务

29.1 sys — System-specific parameters and functions

29.2 sysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration information

29.3 builtins — Built-in objects

29.4 __main__ — Top-level script environment

29.5 warnings — Warning control

29.6 contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts

29.7 abc — Abstract Base Classes

29.8 atexit — Exit handlers

29.9 traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback

29.10 __future__ — Future statement definitions

29.11 gc — Garbage Collector interface

29.12 inspect — Inspect live objects

29.13 site — Site-specific configuration hook

29.14 fpectl — Floating point exception control

30 Custom Python Interpreters

• 自定义Python解释器

30.1 code — Interpreter base classes

30.2 codeop — Compile Python code

31 Importing Modules

• 导入模块

31.1 zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives

31.2 pkgutil — Package extension utility

31.3 modulefinder — Find modules used by a script

31.4 runpy — Locating and executing Python modules

31.5 importlib — The implementation of import

32 Python Language Services

• Python语言服务

32.1 parser — Access Python parse trees

32.2 ast — Abstract Syntax Trees

32.3 symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables

32.4 symbol — Constants used with Python parse trees

32.5 token — Constants used with Python parse trees

32.6 keyword — Testing for Python keywords

32.7 tokenize — Tokenizer for Python source

32.8 tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentation

32.9 pyclbr — Python class browser support

32.10 py_compile — Compile Python source files

32.11 compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries

32.12 dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode

32.13 pickletools — Tools for pickle developers

33 Miscellaneous Services

• 杂项服务

33.1 formatter — Generic output formatting

34 MS Windows Specific Services

• Windows相关服务

34.1 msilib — Read and write Microsoft Installer files

34.2 msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime

34.3 winreg — Windows registry access

34.4 winsound— Sound-playing interface for Windows

35 Unix Specific Services

• Unix相关服务

35.1 posix — The most common POSIX system calls

35.2 pwd — The password database

35.3 spwd — The shadow password database

35.4 grp — The group database

35.5 crypt — Function to check Unix passwords

35.6 termios — POSIX style tty control

35.7 tty — Terminal control functions

35.8 pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities

35.9 fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls

35.10 pipes — Interface to shell pipelines

35.11 resource — Resource usage information

35.12 nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)

35.13 syslog — Unix syslog library routines

36 Superseded Modules

• 取代模块

36.1 optparse — Parser for command line options

36.2 imp — Access the import internals

37 Undocumented Modules

• 未归档模块

37.1 Platform specific modules