近五年高考英语非谓语动词考点总结
教学考试研究院 高中英语研究中心 昨天
有人说，非谓语题在高考英语试卷中，少则一题，多则两三题，没几分，不必太在意。其实不然，非谓语作为一种基本的语法现象是可以出现在任何题目中的，涉及单选、完型、阅读、改错等各类题型，即使是在作文中，如果通篇都不出现一个非谓语，恐怕分数也不会太高。
可以说，非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此，千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。
关于非谓语的语法详讲，同学们在课堂上已基本掌握，下文主要以高考真题为例，以非谓语题的答题技巧为主要内容，来梳理一下这个知识点，帮助同学们在高考英语中准确解答，稳拿高分。
非谓语知识点概述
非谓语形式就是动词的变形，即由动词变化而来，但不能做谓语，而是承担其他语法功能。主要有三种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词。详见下表：
以上形式又各有不同的变化形式，如：
大体用法如下：
非谓语动词的否定形式：
在非谓语动词前加not。
非谓语动词的复合结构：
①for sb.to do sth.（sb.是to do的逻辑主语）
②one's doing（one是doing的逻辑主语）
例如：
For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.
相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.
句意：对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。（Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。）
例如：Do you mind Tom's smoking?
句意：你介意汤姆吸烟吗？（Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。）
非谓语题答题技巧
01
确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词，再出现动词表示动作时，须用非谓语形式，如果是并列谓语要有and或“，”链接。
02
分析是不是固定短语。如果是，按照固定短语分析。
03
分析出非谓语的逻辑主语，主要有以下集几种情况：
①非谓语做定语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。
例如：I like the teacher teaching English.
（译：我喜欢教英语的那个老师。）
句中非谓语做定语，修饰the teacher，the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
②非谓语做状语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
例如：Watching TV，she was moved.
（译：看电视时，她被感动了。）
句中非谓语做状语，非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
③非谓语做宾语补足语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。
例如：His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
（译：李雷的老板让他完成工作。）
句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语，him 是to finish的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
04
确定非谓语的逻辑主语后，分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。
05
分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系，分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。
非谓语真题练习
【2021年】
八省联考
1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.
浙江卷
1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【2020年】
全国卷I
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. My mom told me how to preparing it.
全国卷 Ⅱ
1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.
3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
全国卷III
1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
山东卷
1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.
浙江卷
1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas， 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
江苏卷
1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
▲2019 年
全国卷 I
1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
全国卷 II
1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.
2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
全国卷 III
1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.
2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.
4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
浙江卷
1. But some students didn't want 63 (wear) the uniform.
▲2018 年
全国卷 I
1.You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
全国卷 II
1. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.
2. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide", says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
4. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
全国卷 III
1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).
2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
浙江卷
1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
▲2017 年
全国卷 I
1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
全国卷 II
1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
全国卷 III
1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).
2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
浙江卷
1. Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal.
2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
▲2016 年
全国卷 I
1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
全国卷 II
1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.
2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
全国卷 III
1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.
2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
▲2015 年
全国卷 I
1. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
2. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
全国卷 II
1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.
2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
答案
▲2021年
八省联考
1.including
句意为“像许多其他学生一样，可能会有各种各样的人，包括你的家人 和朋友，为你上哪所大学提供意见”。空白处应填介词 including 。
浙江卷
1.studied
考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，该句谓语动词为had，故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式，此处作countries的后置定语；而countries与study之间为被动关系，且“研究”是已经完成了的动作，故填studied。
2. living
考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式，此处作people的后置定语；而people与live之间为主动关系，故填living。
▲2020 年
全国卷 I
1.to find
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2. frying改为fried
考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3. preparing改为prepare
考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
全国卷 II
1. coming
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comeback to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
2. decorated
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
3. to care
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填tocare。
全国卷 III
1.to find
考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
2. surrounding
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
山东卷
1.walking
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
浙江卷
1. to change
考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
2.making
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
江苏卷
1.A
考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
▲2019 年
全国卷 I
1.to perform
该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。
2. noting
介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。
3.say → saying
全国卷 II
1. being
介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。
2. to retire
名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
3. saying
名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 III
1. to get
分析句子结构可知，it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
2. listening
主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
3.opens → open
4.manage → managing
浙江卷
1. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
▲2018 年
全国卷 I
1. to see
根据句意 “要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。
2. dying
介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。
3.sell → selling
全国卷 II
1. to improve
根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。
2. feeding
when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
3.watching → watch
全国卷 III
1. (64) looking
avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。
(65).challenged
主语 he 与 challenge（对……挑战）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
2. to stay
allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为 “允许某人做某事”，因此应填 to stay。
3.wait → waiting
浙江卷
1. visiting
remember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。
▲2017 年
全国卷 I
1. to process
根据语境“需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理食物” 和关键词required 可知，此处应填 to process。
2. eating
“by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐，人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。
全国卷 II
1. laying
63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构，因此用 laying。
2.pick → to pick
全国卷 III
1. resting
spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。
2. to prove
want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
浙江卷
1. to cook
由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知，不定式短语作状语，表目的。
2. swept
句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系， 因此用过去分词形式。
▲2016 年
全国卷 I
1.(66) permitted
被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
(67) introducing
include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填 introducing。
全国卷 II
1. to bring
be likely to do sth 是固定结构，意为“可能做某事”，故填 to bring。
2.take → taking
全国卷 III
1. to create
根据句意可知，这里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。
2. using
根据语境可知，use的逻辑主语是 people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填 using。
3.wear → wearing
▲2015 年
全国卷 I
1. conducted
主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
2. living
被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 II
1.(61)built
名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
(64) using
介词后用动名词形式，故填 using。
2. to cool
该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。
3.looks → looking