几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt

      在研究所保密开发完后回来隔离两波,已经接近四五个月没碰外网电脑了,可以说是活成了原始人。
      因为某些开发细节原因,需要实现向量投影和LookAt功能,记录一下。
      首先实现向量到平面投影,如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第1张图片

      前面我们聊过点向量平面之间的关系,好像写过好几篇文章,这里就从简。其实计算投影无非就是计算P在平面G上的投影P0,计算如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第2张图片      我们根据平面G方程得到ABCD分量,然后求出系数k,带入X0、Y0、Z0代数式就能达到P0坐标了,如下:

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PALAVectorProjection : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform ground0;
    public Transform ground1;
    public Transform ground2;

    public Transform from;
    public Transform to;

    void Start()
    {

    }

    void Update()
    {
        Vector3 g0 = ground0.position;
        Vector3 g1 = ground1.position;
        Vector3 g2 = ground2.position;

        Debug.DrawLine(g0, g1, Color.black);
        Debug.DrawLine(g1, g2, Color.black);
        Debug.DrawLine(g2, g0, Color.black);

        Vector3 f = from.position;
        Vector3 t = to.position;

        Debug.DrawLine(f, t, Color.yellow);

        Vector3 f0 = GetProjectPoint(f, g0, g1, g2);
        Vector3 t0 = GetProjectPoint(t, g0, g1, g2);

        Debug.DrawLine(f0, t0, Color.white);
    }

    /// 
    /// 获取向量到平面投影向量
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    private Vector3 GetProjectVector(Vector3 f, Vector3 t, Vector3 g0, Vector3 g1, Vector3 g2)
    {
        Vector3 f0 = GetProjectPoint(f, g0, g1, g2);
        Vector3 t0 = GetProjectPoint(t, g0, g1, g2);
        Vector3 vproj = t0 - f0;
        return vproj;
    }

    /// 
    /// 计算点到平面投影
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    private Vector3 GetProjectPoint(Vector3 p, Vector3 g0, Vector3 g1, Vector3 g2)
    {
        Vector3 gv1 = g1 - g0;
        Vector3 gv2 = g2 - g0;
        Vector3 n = Vector3.Cross(gv1, gv2).normalized;

        //构建平面参数
        float A = n.x, B = n.y, C = n.z;
        float D = -A * g0.x - B * g0.y - C * g0.z;

        //构建投影参数
        float X = p.x, Y = p.y, Z = p.z;
        float k = (A * X + B * Y + C * Z + D) / (A * A + B * B + C * C);

        float X0 = X - k * A;
        float Y0 = Y - k * B;
        float Z0 = Z - k * C;

        return new Vector3(X0, Y0, Z0);
    }
}

      效果如下:

      白色的线段是黄色线段在平面G上的投影。
      继续,接下来要实现一下LookAt功能,首先看一下unity的API,如下:

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PALATestLookAt : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform from;
    public Transform to;

    void Start()
    {

    }

    void Update()
    {
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, to.position, Color.blue);
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, from.position + from.right, Color.red);
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, from.position + from.up, Color.green);
        from.LookAt(to);
    }
}

      效果如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第3张图片
      现在我自己实现一下,如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第4张图片

      朝向计算就是半角向量的180度旋转计算,设Z轴上模长等于ft模长的向量ft0绕半角向量ft1旋转180度,就变成了向量ft
      实现一下:

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PALAAxisLookAt : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform from;
    public Transform to;

    void Start()
    {

    }

    void Update()
    {
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, to.position, Color.blue);
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, from.position + from.right, Color.red);
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, from.position + from.up, Color.green);

        GetAxisLookAt();
    }
    /// 
    /// 绕中轴旋转180度
    /// 
    private void GetAxisLookAt()
    {
        Vector3 f = from.position;
        Vector3 t = to.position;

        Vector3 ft = t - f;

        float ftlen = Vector3.Distance(f, t);
        Vector3 ft0 = Vector3.forward * ftlen;

        Vector3 ft1 = ft + ft0;

        from.eulerAngles = Vector3.zero;

        //绕ft1轴旋转180度
        from.RotateAround(f, ft1, 180);
    }
}

      效果如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第5张图片
      这是一种LookAt的实现方法。
      继续探索,现实中存在的朝向计算,坦克就是很好的例子,如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第6张图片

      坦克的炮台可以想象为绕世界坐标Y轴旋转,炮筒想象成绕本地坐标X轴旋转,稍微绘制一下,如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第7张图片

      首先求得ft在平面xfz上的投影ft0,ft’(fz)与投影ft0绕世界坐标Y轴夹角θy度就是“炮台”的旋转度数,然后ft0与ft绕本地坐标X轴夹角θx度就是“炮筒”的旋转度数,旋转以左手定则为准,那么接下来代码实现:

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using UnityEngine;

public class PALAProjectionLookAt : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform from;
    public Transform to;

    void Start()
    {
        Application.targetFrameRate = 60;
    }

    void Update()
    {
        Vector3 f = from.position;
        Vector3 t = to.position;
        Vector3 lx = f + from.right;
        Vector3 ly = f + from.up;
        Vector3 lz = f + from.forward;

        Debug.DrawLine(f, lx, Color.red);
        Debug.DrawLine(f, ly, Color.green);
        Debug.DrawLine(f, t, Color.black);

        GetProjectLookAt();
    }

    /// 
    /// 世界坐标Y轴投影旋转
    /// 本地坐标X轴旋转
    ///  
    private void GetProjectLookAt()
    {
        Vector3 f = from.position;
        Vector3 t = to.position;
        Vector3 x = f + Vector3.right;
        Vector3 y = f + Vector3.up;
        Vector3 z = f + Vector3.forward;

        //重置旋转
        from.eulerAngles = Vector3.zero;

        //绕世界Y轴旋转
        Vector3 yaxis = Vector3.up;
        Vector3 ft0 = GetProjectVector(f, t, f, x, z);
        Vector3 fz = Vector3.forward;
        float θy = GetVectorAxisAngle(fz, ft0, yaxis);
        from.RotateAround(f, yaxis, θy);
        //绕本地X轴旋转
        Vector3 xaixs = from.right;
        Vector3 ft = t - f;
        float θx = GetVectorAxisAngle(ft0, ft, xaixs);
        from.RotateAround(f, xaixs, θx);

#if UNITY_EDITOR
        Debug.LogFormat("PALAProjectionLookAt θx = {0} θy = {1}", θx, θy);
#endif
    }

    /// 
    /// 获取绕axis轴f到t的角度
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    private float GetVectorAxisAngle(Vector3 f, Vector3 t, Vector3 axis)
    {
        float deg = Vector3.SignedAngle(f, t, axis);
        return deg;
    }

    /// 
    /// 计算f(不变)的投影向量
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    private Vector3 GetProjectVector(Vector3 f, Vector3 t, Vector3 g0, Vector3 g1, Vector3 g2)
    {
        Vector3 t0 = GetProjectPoint(t, g0, g1, g2);
        Vector3 ft0 = t0 - f;
        return ft0;
    }

    /// 
    /// 计算点到平面投影
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    private Vector3 GetProjectPoint(Vector3 p, Vector3 g0, Vector3 g1, Vector3 g2)
    {
        Vector3 gv1 = g1 - g0;
        Vector3 gv2 = g2 - g0;
        Vector3 n = Vector3.Cross(gv1, gv2).normalized;

        //构建平面参数
        float A = n.x, B = n.y, C = n.z;
        float D = -A * g0.x - B * g0.y - C * g0.z;

        //构建投影参数
        float X = p.x, Y = p.y, Z = p.z;
        float k = (A * X + B * Y + C * Z + D) / (A * A + B * B + C * C);

        float X0 = X - k * A;
        float Y0 = Y - k * B;
        float Z0 = Z - k * C;

        return new Vector3(X0, Y0, Z0);
    }
}

      效果如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第8张图片
      这也是一种LookAt的实现方法。
      还有一种LookAt实现方法,通过叉乘向量旋转,如下:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第9张图片

      可以看出,计算得到fc叉积向量,再计算得到fdir到ft的旋转角度θ,就能计算出LookAt朝向,代码如下:

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PALACrossLookAt : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform from;
    public Transform to;

    void Start()
    {

    }

    void Update()
    {
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, to.position, Color.blue);
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, from.position + from.right, Color.red);
        Debug.DrawLine(from.position, from.position + from.up, Color.green);

        GetCrossLookAt();
    }
    /// 
    /// 绕叉积向量旋转θ度
    ///   
    private void GetCrossLookAt()
    {
        Vector3 f = from.position;
        Vector3 t = to.position;

        Vector3 ft = t - f;

        Vector3 fdir = from.forward;

        Vector3 c = Vector3.Cross(fdir, ft);

        float θ = Vector3.SignedAngle(fdir, ft, c);

        from.RotateAround(f, c, θ);
    }
}

      效果如图:
几何向量:向量到平面投影和LookAt_第10张图片

      这也是一种LookAt的实现方式。
      自己实现LookAt的好处是可以自由控制朝向轴,可能API不一定适合开发需求。
      好,以后有时间继续。

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