comptia a+_我如何通过CompTIA Linux +考试

comptia a+

本文摘要： (Summary of this article:)

• The backstory: why CompTIA Linux+ exam.
  背景：为什么要进行CompTIA Linux +考试。
• Review of learning resources: what is good and what is not good.
  学习资源回顾：什么是好的，什么是不好的。
• Retrospective on studying: what worked and did not work.
  研究回顾：什么有效，什么无效。
• My experience during the exam: how the test was conducted and how I felt.
  我在考试期间的经验：考试的进行方式和感觉。
• My approach during the exam: what strategies to use and mindset to have.
  我在考试中的方法：要使用的策略和思维定式。
• Getting an awesome badge: what it looks like and what's in it for me?
  得到一个很棒的徽章：对我来说，它看起来像什么？

• Bonus: as most of my materials are sponsored by the school, I've looked for free content for you to study for the exam, such as filesystem hierarchy, basic linux commands, using AWS EC2 Ubuntu as your Linux environment.  I also created a flash card in Trello, available here.  Disclaimer: free content might not be sufficient.

  奖励：由于我的大部分材料都是由学校赞助的，因此我一直在寻找免费的内容供您学习以进行考试，例如文件系统层次结构 ， 基本的linux命令 ，并使用AWS EC2 Ubuntu作为Linux环境。 我还在Trello中创建了闪存卡，可从此处获得 。 免责声明：免费内容可能不足。

• Exam objectives: Official CompTIA Linux+ Exam Objectives.

  考试目标： 官方CompTIA Linux +考试目标 。

TLDR考试技巧(我没有使用Linux的专业经验)： (TLDR exam tips (I had no professional experience with Linux):)

• Focus on the Activity Section of the CompTIA Study Guide and follow along with your own Linux environment.
  关注CompTIA学习指南的“活动”部分，并遵循您自己的Linux环境。

• Practice on Performance-Based Questions (PBQs). They show around 10 choices that all look correct.

  基于绩效的问题(PBQ)的实践。 它们显示了大约10个看起来都正确的选择。

• Play around with Linux command combinations using piping (|)
  使用管道(|)体验Linux命令组合
• Configure IP tables, firewall, and troubleshooting.
  配置IP表，防火墙和故障排除。
• Learn the configuration steps, boot process, and backing up files.
  了解配置步骤，引导过程和备份文件。
• Basic bash scripting and regular expressions.
  基本的bash脚本和正则表达式。

Read until the end for tips on how to have the correct mindset and strategies to answer difficult questions. Also, a video of me summarizing this article during a club meeting at our school is available at the bottom of the article. Do check the video out as it has a Q&A section towards the end.

直到最后阅读有关如何拥有正确思维方式和策略来回答难题的提示。 此外，文章底部提供了我在我校的一次俱乐部会议上总结本文的视频。 请检查视频，因为它在结尾处有一个“问答”部分。

I'd like to start off with a big thank you to School of Technology and Computing of City University of Seattle (CityU). They provided me with a job, career growth, and sponsored my CompTIA learning materials and exam voucher.

首先，我要对西雅图城市大学 技术与计算 学院 (CityU)表示感谢。 他们为我提供了工作，职业发展，并赞助了我的CompTIA学习材料和考试券。

As an F-1 Student Visa holder with limited job opportunities, this allowed me to earn extra income, of which I donate a portion to freeCodeCamp on a monthly basis.

作为F-1学生签证持有者，工作机会有限，这使我获得了额外的收入，其中每月我将部分收入捐赠给freeCodeCamp。

This is a loose continuation from my story: Why I abandoned my MBA to get a master's in Computer Science.

这是我的故事的一个松散的延续： 为什么我放弃MBA以获得计算机科学的硕士学位 。

为什么选择CompTIA Linux +？ (Why CompTIA Linux+?)

In July 2019, our school, with the help of our director of external relations, landed a contract with Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Washington Technology Industry Association (WTIA), called the AWS Apprenticeship Program (AAP).

2019年7月，我们学校在对外关系总监的帮助下，与Amazon Web Services(AWS)和华盛顿技术工业协会(WTIA)签订了一项合同，称为AWS学徒计划(AAP)。

We had the opportunity to train 23 military veterans and veteran spouses. Their requirement was to pass CompTIA Linux+ Exam and CityU's Full Stack System Developer Program which includes CompTIA Linux+ Exam preparation. Once they met both criteria, they'd be able to transition to on-the-job training with AWS.

我们有机会训练了23名退伍军人和老兵配偶。 他们的要求是通过CompTIA Linux +考试和CityU的完整堆栈系统开发人员计划，其中包括CompTIA Linux +考试准备。 一旦满足两个条件，他们就可以使用AWS过渡到在职培训。

My role at the time was a Lead Teaching Assistant (TA) and I was tasked to help build the Dean's program proposal. I coordinated with 6 other TAs to build the courses, which consisted the following: Linux I, Linux II, Networking, Web Development, JavaScript/TypeScript, Full Stack - MEAN Stack, Python, and Full Stack - Django.

当时我的角色是首席助教(TA)，我的任务是帮助制定Dean的计划提案。 我与其他6个TA协作构建了课程，包括以下内容：Linux I，Linux II，网络，Web开发，JavaScript / TypeScript，Full Stack-MEAN Stack，Python和Full Stack-Django。

As this was our first contract, we were building the plane while trying to fly it.

由于这是我们的第一份合同，因此我们在尝试飞行时正在建造飞机。

我们在Linux操作系统课程中利用了以下资源： (We utilized the following resources for our Linux Operating System course:)

• Textbook: Pro Bash Programming: Scripting the GNU/Linux Shell, Second Edition, by Chris F. A. Johnson, Jayant Varma
  教科书：Pro Bash编程：编写GNU / Linux Shell脚本，第二版，作者：克里斯·约翰逊(Chris FA Johnson)，Jayant Varma
• Student's Linux environment: AWS EC2 Instance with Ubuntu
  学生的Linux环境：带有Ubuntu的AWS EC2实例
• Virtual Lab: InfoSec Learning
  虚拟实验室：InfoSec学习

我学到的是 (What I learned)

• A lot of bash scripting exercises and coding challenges
  很多bash脚本练习和编码挑战
• How to SSH to a remote server (EC2 Instance)
  如何SSH到远程服务器(EC2实例)
• Various Linux commands and configuration setups related to CompTIA Linux+
  与CompTIA Linux +相关的各种Linux命令和配置设置

After a few weeks into the program, we researched more and listened to student feedback. Turns out we were doing too much bash scripting and lacked on CompTIA Linux+ Exam preparation.

进入计划几周后，我们进行了更多研究，并听取了学生的反馈。 原来，我们进行了太多的bash脚本编写，并且缺少CompTIA Linux +考试准备。

The students were in hell during the first few weeks of bash scripting

bash脚本编写的最初几周，学生们陷入了地狱

We immediately partnered with CompTIA to get CompTIA Linux+ Exam Study materials at bulk price. We pivoted hard and changed parts of our program to integrate the new study materials.

我们立即与CompTIA合作，以批量价格获得CompTIA Linux +考试学习资料。 我们努力调整了计划的部分内容，以整合新的学习资料。

Good thing our department was practicing Agile methodology and it made us very nimble.

我们部门正在练习敏捷方法，这使我们非常敏捷。

新资源如下： (The new resources are as follows:)

• CertMaster Learn - includes eBook, Performance-Based Question (PBQ), and CompTIA Videos (Note: This was last year. If you purchased this year, you won't have the PBQs, but you get a new interface, and an additional practice test).
  CertMaster Learn-包括电子书，基于性能的问题(PBQ)和CompTIA视频(注意：这是去年)。如果您今年购买了该产品，则不会使用PBQ，但是会得到一个新的界面和其他练习测试)。
• CertMaster Practice - multiple-choice questions on steroids. Once you've accumulated a good amount of wrong answers, you'd get feedback on why your answers are wrong and it explains the other choices as well. Then, it pushes your progress bar back.
  CertMaster练习-关于类固醇的多项选择题。 一旦积累了大量的错误答案，您就会得到关于为什么答案错误的反馈，它也解释了其他选择。 然后，它将进度条向后推。
• CertMaster Labs - shorter lab activities compared to InfoSec Labs.
  CertMaster实验室-与InfoSec实验室相比，实验室活动更短。

我对新资源的想法 (My thoughts on the new resources)

I read the eBook from top to bottom and it was helpful to obtain an overview. However, I wasn't able to retain any knowledge from reading it. I breezed through both the CertMaster Practice and CertMaster Labs and I gained nothing as well.

我从上至下阅读该电子书，这有助于获得概述。 但是，我无法从阅读中保留任何知识。 我在CertMaster练习和CertMaster实验室中都感到轻松愉快，但也一无所获。

What's wrong with me? Hmm..

我怎么了 嗯..

Because of an opportunity to teach the JavaScript/TypeScript course in the AAP program and the unfortunate event of my dad's passing, my road to Linux+ Exam was eventually derailed and forgotten.

由于有机会在AAP程序中教授JavaScript / TypeScript课程，并且不幸的是我父亲去世，我的Linux +考试之路最终出轨并被遗忘了。

Man.... What a bummer...

真是的

快进AWS学徒计划结束 (Fast forward to the end of the AWS Apprenticeship Program)

In November 2019, we successfully transitioned all 23 students! A 100%! We were the only partner school to have done that.

在2019年11月，我们成功过渡了所有23名学生！ 100％！ 我们是唯一一家做到这一点的伙伴学校。

Most credit goes to the School of Technology & Computing Dean's repeated quotes of "leave no man behind" - similar to the soldier's creed: "I will never leave a fallen comrade behind", and "we stay together, we survive" (from the movie Gladiator).

最值得称赞的是技术与计算机学院院长反复引用“不让任何人落后”的话-类似于士兵的信条：“我永远不会留下一个堕落的同志”，以及“我们在一起，我们生存”(从电影《角斗士》。

The program's success was largely attributed to TAs, who supported the students since Day 1.

该计划的成功很大程度上归功于助教，他们从第一天开始就一直支持学生。

We asked for feedback from our students on what worked and what did not in regards to the CompTIA Linux+ materials. We got the following:

我们要求学生提供有关CompTIA Linux +资料的有效方法和无效方法的反馈。 我们得到以下内容：

• Focus on Activity Section of the Study Guide
  关注学习指南的活动部分
• Do the virtual labs repeatedly
  反复进行虚拟实验室
• Going through the practice exam is not effective
  通过练习考试无效
• Watch ITPro.tv videos (which we were not able to provide that time)
  观看ITPro.tv视频(我们当时无法提供)

I did not study for the Linux+ Exam for several months as I focused on learning the MEAN Stack (especially the Angular front end framework). I regularly tackled leetcode coding challenges to prepare for software developer job interviews.

我专注于学习MEAN Stack(尤其是Angular前端框架)已经好几个月没有参加Linux +考试了。 我定期应对leetcode编码挑战，为软件开发人员的工作面试做准备。

I was also finishing my capstone project: Software Documentation and Architectural Analysis of Full Stack Development, and teaching two classes: Information Systems, and Data Management Communications and Networking.

我还完成了我的基本项目： 软件文档和全栈开发的体系结构分析 ，并教授两门课：信息系统，数据管理通信和网络。

No time... no time at all... or was it just excuses?

没有时间...根本没有时间...还是仅仅是借口？

When I was nearing the end of my last quarter, I felt guilty and started studying again for the Linux+ Exam.

当我接近上个季度末时，我感到内，并再次开始学习Linux +考试。

This time, a new plan of attack.

这次，一个新的攻击计划。

I started reading the eBook again from top to bottom. What was different the second time around was that for every theory, definition, command, option, subcommands, etc. that I'd encounter, I would create a flash card in Trello (available here). I used this to train with friends to do a pop quiz and execute commands in the Linux terminal as well.

我从头到尾再次开始阅读电子书。 第二次不同的是，对于我遇到的每个理论，定义，命令，选项，子命令等，我都会在Trello中创建一个闪存卡( 在此处可用)。 我用它来训练与朋友一起做一个弹出测验，并在Linux终端中执行命令。

On my own, I would have my own Linux environment following along with the Activity Section of the eBook. This really helped me retain my knowledge on Linux commands and configurations. I also incorporated using Linux commands in my personal laptop with MacBook Pro, as MacOS has Unix-like terminal.

我将自己拥有自己的Linux环境以及eBook的“活动”部分。 这确实帮助我保留了有关Linux命令和配置的知识。 由于MacOS具有类似Unix的终端，因此我也将Linux命令并入了MacBook Pro的个人笔记本电脑中。

I utilized the CertMaster Practice Exam again. And this time, I had a friend to go over and discuss why each choice was right or wrong, using the process of elimination.

我再次使用了CertMaster实践考试。 这次，我有一个朋友走了过去，讨论了为什么每个选择都是对还是错，都采用了淘汰的方法。

It seems like doing hands-on and having a discussion with a friend truly helps you master a topic.

亲自动手并与朋友进行讨论似乎可以真正帮助您掌握主题。

I really didn't like the CertMaster Labs and did not use it during my study.

我真的不喜欢CertMaster实验室，并且在学习期间没有使用过它。

我犹豫要研究以下内容： (I hesitated to study the following: )

• bash scripting - I'm a software developer and I know how to code already. I have built bash scripts to boost my productivity, from class notes to web applications.
  bash脚本编写-我是一名软件开发人员，我已经知道如何编码。 从课堂笔记到Web应用程序，我已经构建了bash脚本来提高效率。
• version control - I've been using git and GitHub in my classes and personal projects.
  版本控制-我在课堂和个人项目中一直使用git和GitHub。
• containers and orchestration - I have a good foundation as I've been reading DevOps books.
  容器和编排-在阅读DevOps书籍方面，我有良好的基础。

狂欢值得ITPro.tv视频 (The Binge-Worthy ITPro.tv Videos)

I accidentally discovered it. It was timely and effective.

我不小心发现了它。 这是及时和有效的。

At the start of April 2020, we got news of incoming AAP students. The Dean asked me to check the CompTIA store again for materials, and find out what these ITPro.tv videos were all about.

2020年4月开始，我们收到了即将来临的AAP学生的消息。 院长让我再次检查CompTIA商店的材料，并找出这些ITPro.tv视频的全部内容。

At first, I was reluctant to even purchase the videos because I remembered the CompTIA Study Guide having the ITPro.tv logo at the start of their videos. I started calculating the total hours of the CompTIA Study Guide videos. The total duration was only 22 minutes.

起初，我什至不愿购买视频，因为我记得在视频的开头有《 CompTIA学习指南》上带有ITPro.tv徽标的视频。 我开始计算《 CompTIA学习指南》视频的总时长。 总持续时间仅为22分钟。

This was a big difference compared to the standalone ITPro.tv videos with 16 hours of content. I went ahead and purchased it (with reimbursement of course).

与具有16个小时内容的独立ITPro.tv视频相比，这是一个很大的差异。 我继续购买了它(当然要偿还)。

And boy, I did not regret it. Those videos were fantastic. They dove deeper into the topics and explained the commands throughly with the help of a co-host to ask why we needed to use those commands.

和男孩，我不后悔。 这些视频太棒了。 他们深入探讨了这些主题，并在共同主持人的帮助下全面解释了这些命令，以询问为什么我们需要使用这些命令。

The average duration of a video is about 15 minutes. A big contrast compared to the other resource, which averaged about 2 minutes per video.

视频的平均时长约为15分钟。 与其他资源形成鲜明对比的是，每个视频平均需要2分钟。

I started picking videos to watch based on the topics that I knew I couldn't explain to anyone. I combined this strategy with the multiple-choice-on-steroids CertMaster Practice to fill in my knowledge gaps.

我开始根据我无法向任何人解释的主题选择要观看的视频。 我将此策略与选择类固醇的CertMaster实践相结合，填补了我的知识空白。

In the middle of April 2020, I scheduled my CompTIA Linux+ Exam Online Testing. They created the online testing environment due to the pandemic. As it was nearing the scheduled date, I relaxed my study patterns and limited myself to watching the ITPro.tv videos.

在2020年4月中旬，我安排了CompTIA Linux +考试在线测试。 由于大流行，他们创建了在线测试环境。 在临近预定日期的时候，我放松了学习方式，将自己局限于观看ITPro.tv视频。

考试程序 (Exam Procedures)

The online exam requires you to abide by the following procedures:

在线考试要求您遵守以下程序：

• have an internet connection
  可以上网
• have an external webcam or laptop webcam
  具有外部摄像头或笔记本电脑摄像头
• have an external microphone or laptop microphone
  有外接麦克风或笔记本电脑麦克风
• have a photo of valid ID
  有有效身份证件的照片
• have pictures of your front, back, left, and right of your own testing environment
  拥有自己的测试环境的正面，背面，左侧和右侧的图片
• No headphones, and smartphones and electronics should be out of reach
  请勿戴耳机，并且智能手机和电子产品应放在遥不可及的地方

View the full details here.

在此处查看全部详细信息。

考试时间 (Exam Time)

I totally appreciate the support!

我非常感谢您的支持！

我对在线测试应用程序的体验 (My Experience with the Online Test App)

• The exam was scheduled 12:15 midnight. This was my intention to avoid any noise in the house.
  考试原定于午夜12:15举行。 我的目的是避免房子里有任何噪音。
• The proctor can see you through the webcam, and you can't see them.
  代理人可以通过网络摄像头看到您，而您看不到它们。
• The online testing app slowed and crashed several times. The proctor said it was due to the high volume of test takers.
  在线测试应用程序变慢并崩溃了几次。 检察官说，这是由于应试者人数众多。

我在考试中的感受 (What I felt during the exam)

The first few questions I got in the exam were Performance-Based Questions. It was freaking hard. I really couldn't answer with 100% confidence. I encountered a problem using Linux commands grep and awk with piping to another command.

我在考试中遇到的前几个问题是基于性能的问题。 真是厉害。 我真的无法以100％的信心回答。 我在将Linux命令grep和awk与管道传递到另一个命令时遇到了问题。

Another problem was about investigating an SELinux policy violation, which requires you have to inspect each command and their respective output to pinpoint which file or directory needed additional configuration.

另一个问题是有关调查SELinux策略违规的问题，这要求您必须检查每个命令及其各自的输出，以查明哪个文件或目录需要其他配置。

If only I had that professional experience, this would have been much easier.

如果只有我那样的专业经验，这会容易得多。

As I went through more questions, I really felt so dumb and lost my confidence. I didn't know how to answer the questions about network, system, or user configurations. In the bash scripting portion, I knew I wasn't really good at RegEx (regular expressions).

当我遇到更多问题时，我真的感到自己很傻，失去了信心。 我不知道如何回答有关网络，系统或用户配置的问题。 在bash脚本编写部分中，我知道我不太擅长RegEx(正则表达式)。

I had 30 minutes left in my exam and felt like failing...

我还有30分钟的考试时间，觉得自己失败了...

My thoughts of plan B were coming back – I would just take the exam again. This was partly due to my own perspective in life. I always tell people I'm used to failure and I'm fine failing as long as I can be persistent until I reach my goal.

我对计划B的想法又回来了–我只想再次参加考试。 这部分是由于我对生活的看法。 我总是告诉人们我已经习惯了失败，只要我能坚持到实现目标，我就会失败。

Around the 28-minute mark I was about to call it quits, when I heard another voice in my brain (I'm not crazy I tell you. It's the Jedi Mind trick, read How to teach yourself to learn again).

当我听到大脑中有另一个声音时，大约要在28分钟左右结束(我并不疯狂，我告诉你。这是绝地思维的把戏，请阅读如何教自己再次学习 )。

The voice said: "don't think about failure now, use the remaining minutes and do your best!"

声音说：“现在不要考虑失败，请利用剩余的时间来做到最好！”

So I used the remaining time to jump around to different questions until I'd covered them all. This time with more focus. I changed almost 80% of my answers and I started to do the following strategies to increase my chances of getting the right answer:

因此，我用剩余的时间跳到不同的问题，直到我涵盖了所有问题。 这次更加集中。 我更改了将近80％的答案，并开始采取以下策略来增加获得正确答案的机会：

• Process of elimination - I removed choices that I knew were totally wrong.
  淘汰的过程-我删除了我知道完全错误的选择。
• I stuck with what I knew - I didn't choose an answer if I didn't know what it meant.
  我坚持我所知道的-如果我不知道答案的话，我没有选择答案。
• Deeper focus - I read word by word and tried to use both comprehension and logical thinking.
  更深入的关注-我逐字阅读，并尝试同时使用理解和逻辑思维。
• Eyes closed, mind opened - I convinced myself that I'd studied really hard for this exam so it must be stored in my brain somewhere. With that in mind, I tried to retrieve those memories to achieve 100% confidence in some questions that I had around 70% confidence answering.
  闭着眼睛，睁开眼睛-我说服自己，我为这次考试做了很努力的学习，因此它必须存储在我的大脑中某个地方。 考虑到这一点，我试图找回那些记忆，以使我对大约70％的自信回答的某些问题获得100％的自信。

I kept repeating these strategies until the last minute.

我一直重复这些策略，直到最后一刻。

考试成绩 (Exam Results)

The exam ended and I passed – 739 out of 1000! A passing grade point is 720. After 30 minutes, I got an email from CompTIA.

考试结束，我通过了– 1000分中的739分！ 及格分数是720。30分钟后，我收到了CompTIA的电子邮件。

I will still be humbled and say to people that I got lucky. But for myself, I won't say I got lucky because I changed most of my answers using a better mindset and more effective strategies.

我仍然会谦虚，对人们说我很幸运。 但是对于我自己，我不会说自己很幸运，因为我使用更好的心态和更有效的策略改变了大多数答案。

得到教训 (Lessons Learned)

• I should really stop taking these exams when I don't have professional experience yet. Why? I encountered the same kind of difficulty and failed my AWS Developer Certification Exam before (here's the article: I failed my AWS Developer Exam. What now?).

  当我没有专业经验时，我真的应该停止参加这些考试。 为什么？ 我遇到了同样的困难，并且之前未通过AWS Developer认证考试(这里的文章： 我未通过AWS Developer考试。现在怎么办？ )。

• In studying, I should've done more assessment early on to focus on my knowledge gap instead of speeding through all the materials.
  在学习中，我应该尽早进行更多的评估，以专注于我的知识差距，而不是加快学习所有材料。
• During the exam, I needed to remind myself this is my reality now. What can I do to be great in this situation? This mindset is something I can apply to my current work as well.
  考试期间，我需要提醒自己这是我现在的现实。 在这种情况下，我能做些什么好？ 我也可以将这种心态应用到当前的工作中。
• Remember to have study sessions with friends or colleagues, as you'll have the chance to grow your knowledge exponentially.
  请记住与朋友或同事进行学习会议，因为您将有机会成倍地增长知识。

现在怎么办，克拉克？ (What now, Clark?)

I rejoined CityU as a full-timer with a position of Program Manager for AWS Apprentice Program (Full Stack Web Systems Developer) last April 20, 2019.

我于2019年4月20日重新加入CityU，担任专职人员，担任AWS Apprentice程序(全栈Web系统开发人员)的程序经理。

With the Linux+ Certified under my belt, I have gained additional experience, along with my previous experience being a TA Lead with the same program. It's allowed me to better lead, teach, and mentor the new cohort. This includes my team that includes new TAs that I know for sure will be more successful than I was.

在获得Linux +认证后，我获得了更多经验，以及以前作为同一程序的TA Lead的经验。 它使我能够更好地领导，教导和指导新的队列。 这包括我的团队，其中包括我肯定会比过去更成功的新TA。

I will do my best to keep teaching and mentoring students while sharpening my software development skills, as I'm still on a journey to find a software developer job in the tech industry. I know it's hard coming from a non-tech background to transition, but we'll all get there in time.

我将尽我所能，在提高我的软件开发技能的同时，继续对学生进行指导和指导，因为我仍在寻找在科技行业从事软件开发人员的工作。 我知道从非技术背景过渡很难，但是我们都会及时到达那里。

To my readers, thank you for reading my article. I really want to focus more on technical articles but I couldn't let a good story slip away.=)

对于我的读者，谢谢您阅读我的文章。 我真的很想专注于技术文章，但我不能让一个好故事消失。=)

Connect with me in LinkedIn here.

在此处通过LinkedIn与我联系。

Article Video Summary and Q&A

文章视频摘要和问答

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-linux-exam-story/

comptia a+