【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML

一、The Basics

1. HTML&HTML file

HTML Markup language
Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML file Text file with markup tags
.htm/.html extension

Create an html file

Open an editor

Type:

Save it as .html

Open it using a browser

2. HTML tags & HTML elements

HTML tags mark-up HTML elements
HTML elements defined using HTML tags
HTML documents  text files made up of HTML elements
Basic HTML tags Paragraphs

(browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph)

Headings
Line breaks


(to enter line breaks, not to seperate paragraphs)

Horizontal rule
Comments
HTML document
document's body
the document's area for header/control infomation
document's title </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>二、Build a Web Page</h2> <h3>1. HTML Attributes & HTML Text Formatting</h3> <table border="1" style="width:500px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width:159px;"><strong>HTML Attributes</strong></td> <td style="width:340px;">provide<span style="color:#1a439c;"> additional information</span> to an HTML element</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><span style="color:#1a439c;">case insensitive</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="10" style="width:159px;"><strong>HTML Text Formatting</strong></td> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><b></b> </strong>bold</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><strong></strong></strong>strong</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><bid></big></strong>big</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><em></em></strong>emphasized</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><i></i></strong>italic</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><small></small></strong>small</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><sub></sub></strong>subscripted</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><sup></sup></strong>superscripted</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><ins></ins></strong>inserted</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:340px;"><strong><del></del></strong>deleted</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3>2. Character Entities</h3> <table border="1" style="width:500px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td>non-breaking space</td> <td><strong> </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>less than</td> <td><strong><</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>greater than</td> <td><strong>></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>ampersand</td> <td><strong>&</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>quotation mark</td> <td><strong>"</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>pound</td> <td><strong>£</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>yen</td> <td><strong>¥</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>euro</td> <td><strong>&euro</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>section</td> <td><strong>§</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>copyright</td> <td><strong>©</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>registered trademark</td> <td><strong>®</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>multiplication</td> <td><strong>×</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>division</td> <td><strong>÷</strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3>3. HTML Links</h3> <table border="1" style="width:650px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>link to another document</strong> </span>on the Web</td> <td> <p><a href="linkpage.html">This text</a></p> <p><a  href="http://www.qmul.ac.uk/">This text</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>an<strong> <span style="color:#1a439c;">image</span></strong> as a link</td> <td> <p><a href="linkpage.html"></p> <p><img border="0" src="image.jpg" width ="65" height="38"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>Target</strong>:</span> where to open the linked document</td> <td> <p>_blank: open in a new window or tab</p> <p><a href="http://www.qmul.ac.uk/" target="_blank"></a></p> <p>_self: open in the same frame as it was clicked</p> <p>_parent: open in the parent frame</p> <p>_top: open in the full body of the window</p> <p>framename: open in a named frame</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>name and section</strong></span></td> <td> <p><a name="top">top of the page</a></p> <p><a href="section.html"#top>Jump to the top</a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3>4. HTML Tables/Lists/Images & Colors</h3> <table border="1" style="width:650px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="9" style="width:88px;"><strong>HTML Tables</strong></td> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>a table</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><table></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>a table header</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><th></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>table row</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><tr></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>table cell</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><td></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>table caption</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><caption></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>table head</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><thead></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>table body</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><tbody></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>table footer</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><tfoot></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;">其他</td> <td style="width:391px;"> <p><span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>Align</strong></span> <span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>the text:</strong></span> <td align = "left/right/center"></td></p> <p><strong><span style="color:#1a439c;">Background colour:</span></strong> <table border = "1" bgcolor="red"></p> <p><strong><span style="color:#1a439c;">Background image: </span></strong><table border = "1" background = "bg.jpg"></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="width:88px;"> <p><strong>HTML</strong></p> <p><strong>Lists</strong></p> </td> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>Unordered list</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"> <p><ul>        <li></li>        </ul></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>Ordered list</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><ol>        <li></li>        </ol></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>Type of ordered list</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><ol type = "A/a/Ⅰ/i"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="width:88px;"> <p><strong>HTML</strong></p> <p><strong>Images & Colors</strong></p> <p></p> </td> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>Insert an image <img></strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><img src = "image.gif" width = "144" height = "50"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>alt attribute</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"> <p>define an<span style="color:#1a439c;"> <strong>"alternate text"</strong> </span>for an image</p> <p><img src = "me.jpg" alt = "This is me"></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>Background image</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><body <span style="color:#1a439c;">background</span>="background.jpg"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>Background color</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><body <span style="color:#1a439c;">bgcolor</span>="#d0d0d0"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:169px;"><strong>Text colour</strong></td> <td style="width:391px;"><body <span style="color:#1a439c;">bgcolor</span>="#d0d0d0" <span style="color:#1a439c;">text</span>="yellow"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>三、Handling User Input</h2> <h3>1. HTML Forms and Input</h3> <table border="1" style="width:500px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="3"><strong>HTML Forms</strong></td> <td><span style="color:#1a439c;">select different kinds</span> of user input</td> </tr> <tr> <td>an area that <span style="color:#1a439c;">contain form elements</span> that <span style="color:#1a439c;">allow user to enter information</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><form>        <input></input>        </form></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Input</strong></td> <td>type is specified with <span style="color:#1a439c;">type attribute</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3>2. Text Fields/Password Fields/Radio Buttons/Check Boxes/Simple dropdown box/Fieldset/Textarea/Button</h3> <table border="1" style="width:650px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width:88px;"><strong>Text Fields</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <pre><code class="language-html"><form action=""> <input type = "text" name="user"> </form></code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:561px;"><span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>name:</strong></span> the identifier that is sent to the server when you submit the form</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width:88px;"><strong>Password Fields</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <pre><code class="language-html"><form action=""> <input type="password" name="password"> </form></code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:561px;">displays <strong><span style="color:#1a439c;">asterisks or bullet points</span></strong> instead of characters</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width:88px;"><strong>Radio Buttons</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <pre><code class="language-html"><form> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female </form></code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:561px;">select<span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong> one</strong></span> of the choices</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width:88px;"><strong>Check Boxes</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <pre><code class="language-html"><form> <input type = "checkbox" name="vehicle" value="bike"> <input type = "checkbox" name="vehicle" value="car"> </form></code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:561px;">select <strong>one or more</strong> options</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width:88px;"><strong>Defining <label> for button</strong> <p></p> <p></p> </td> <td style="width:561px;"> <p>Each<strong> <span style="color:#1a439c;">button</span> </strong>should have a<span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong> label</strong></span></p> <p><span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong><label></strong></span>: defines a label for <strong>an <input> element</strong>;</p> <p>              allow a user to click on the label as well as the button</p> <p>The <strong>for attribute</strong> of the <label> tag =  the i<strong>d attribute</strong> of the related element</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:561px;"> <blockquote> <p><<span style="color:#fe2c24;">form</span> action="demo_form.asp"><br>     <<strong><span style="color:#e6b223;">label </span>for =</strong> "<strong>male</strong>">Male</label></p> <p>    <<span style="color:#1c7892;">input type</span> = "radio" name="sex" <strong><span style="color:#e6b223;">id</span> =</strong>"<strong>male</strong>" value="male">Male</p> <p></p> <p>    <<strong><span style="color:#e6b223;">label</span> for =</strong> "<strong>female</strong>">Female</label></p> <p>    <<span style="color:#1c7892;">input type </span>= "radio" name="sex"<strong> <span style="color:#e6b223;">id</span> =</strong>"<strong>female</strong>" value="female">Female</p> <p></p> <p>    <<span style="color:#1c7892;">input type </span>= "submit" value="Submit"><br> <<span style="color:#fe2c24;">/form</span>></p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="width:88px;"><strong>Action attribute</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <p>define <span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>the name of the file to send the content to</strong></span></p> <p>the file defined in the action usually <u>does something with the received input </u></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="width:88px;"><strong>Submit attribute</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <p><strong><span style="color:#1a439c;">the content of the form is sent to another file</span></strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a7c94cf800c94d5db883468f20a66577.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第1张图片" height="221" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a7c94cf800c94d5db883468f20a66577.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/44910308c0fe43b48e2c385f1a0e1bd4.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" height="58" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/44910308c0fe43b48e2c385f1a0e1bd4.jpg" width="650"></a></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b4ca363a00ee4eb8a77ce20c7b707922.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第2张图片" height="369" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b4ca363a00ee4eb8a77ce20c7b707922.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="width:88px;"><strong>Image act as a submit button</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;">The image type is <span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>by default a form submitting button</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width:88px;"><strong>Simple dropdown box</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <blockquote> <p><<span style="color:#fe2c24;">form</span> action=""></p> <p>        <<span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>select</strong></span><span style="color:#1c7892;"> </span>name="cars"><br>                 <<strong>option value</strong>="volvo">Volvo<<strong>/option</strong>><br>                 <<strong>option value</strong>="saab">Saab<<strong>/option</strong>><br>                 <<strong>option value</strong>="audi">Audi<<strong>/option</strong>><br>         <<span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>/select</strong></span>><br> <<span style="color:#fe2c24;">/form</span>></p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width:88px;"><strong>Fieldset</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <blockquote> <p><span style="color:#fe2c24;"><<strong>fieldset</strong>></span><br>     <span style="color:#1a439c;"><<strong>legend</strong>></span><br>        Health information:<br>     <span style="color:#1a439c;"><<strong>/legend</strong>></span><br>     <<span style="color:#1a439c;"><strong>form</strong></span> action=""><br>         Height<<strong>input type</strong>="text" size="3"><br>         Weight<<strong>input type</strong>="text" size="3"><br>     <span style="color:#1a439c;"><<strong>/form</strong>></span><br><span style="color:#fe2c24;"><<strong>/fieldset</strong>></span></p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width:88px;"><strong>Textarea</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <pre><code class="language-html"><textarea rows="10" col="30"> The cat was in the garden </textarea></code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:88px;"><strong> Button</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <pre><code class="language-html"><form action=""> <input type="button" value="Hello world!"> </form></code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:88px;"><strong>Difference between button and submit</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <p><strong><input type="button"></strong>: will not submit a form on their own——they don't do anying by default.</p> <p><strong><input type="submit"></strong>: will submit the form they are in when the user clicks on them</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:88px;"><strong>Difference between id and name</strong></td> <td style="width:561px;"> <p><strong>The name attribute</strong>: what is sent when the form is submitted.</p> <p><strong>The id attribute</strong>: uniquely identifies any element on the page.</p> <p>When the form is submitted, <strong>only the selected option</strong> is sent.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3></h3> <h3>3. Form Tags</h3> <table border="1" style="width:500px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><form></strong></td> <td>a form for user input</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><input></strong></td> <td>an input field</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><textarea></strong></td> <td>a text-area</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><label></strong></td> <td>a label to a control</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><fieldset></strong></td> <td>a fieldset</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><legend></strong></td> <td>a caption for a fieldset</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><select></strong></td> <td>a selectable list</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><optgroup></strong></td> <td>an option group</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><option></strong></td> <td>an option in the drop-down box</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><strong><button></strong></td> <td>a push button</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>思维导图</h2> <h2></h2> <h2>Exercise</h2> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/30b599f91ce04b6280e6162f4ac5350c.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第3张图片" height="277" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/30b599f91ce04b6280e6162f4ac5350c.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/6f0e7655d3ca44d4bd70c99cbca1d3c8.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第4张图片" height="196" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/6f0e7655d3ca44d4bd70c99cbca1d3c8.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>1. What is the difference between the three text boxes?</strong></p> <p>The values of them are different. </p> <p><strong>2. What happens if you change this tag <body> to <body bgcolor=ccffcc>?</strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/fd3c623ac0cc4f0d9586259221d8cb72.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第5张图片" height="243" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/fd3c623ac0cc4f0d9586259221d8cb72.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><strong>3. What happens if you add this tag after the body tag: <front face=arial>?</strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9d63aa25a6034f95a4184ff6d6a67622.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第6张图片" height="186" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9d63aa25a6034f95a4184ff6d6a67622.jpg" width="633" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><strong>4. What happens if you delete a <br> tag?</strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/f76fda6c2e59464fbb38a0eb12157336.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" height="84" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/f76fda6c2e59464fbb38a0eb12157336.jpg" width="650"></a></p> <p><strong>5. What happens if you add this before the first text box:<h2>Please add information</h2></strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/5eae436654f04837a74df278d9e59c6c.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第7张图片" height="193" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/5eae436654f04837a74df278d9e59c6c.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><strong>6. What happens if you do NOT include the closing tag i.e. </h2>?</strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2fcb9890ef624b7db5494ab6526a7026.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" height="95" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2fcb9890ef624b7db5494ab6526a7026.jpg" width="650"></a></p> </blockquote> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b1e1c40072534de5b6821223c0d249ae.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第8张图片" height="317" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b1e1c40072534de5b6821223c0d249ae.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/be6312cc5659463180a9eb895aa3d431.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第9张图片" height="253" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/be6312cc5659463180a9eb895aa3d431.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>1. Does the page display what is written in the value attribute (e.g. pz) or what is written after the tag (e.g. pizza)?</strong></p> <p>No.</p> <p><strong>2. Can a user select more than one food type?</strong></p> <p>No. Checkbox can.</p> <p><strong>3. Change the name of the last radio button (i.e. the one for the salad), from name=food to name=morefood. Can the user now select more than one food type (e.g. salad and pasta)?</strong></p> <p>No.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/715dcea171eb4169982778280c445572.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第10张图片" height="325" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/715dcea171eb4169982778280c445572.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/5280d3cdd3aa4d5fafdc11b2aed3d50a.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第11张图片" height="286" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/5280d3cdd3aa4d5fafdc11b2aed3d50a.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>1. Does the list show the word bungalow or bung? </strong></p> <p>bung.</p> <p><strong>2. In Internet Explorer (IE), add a space followed by the word selected after bungalow. Save the file and refresh the browser. What has changed? </strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ba1efa0cef374af4991cb92a4d3518ba.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第12张图片" height="310" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ba1efa0cef374af4991cb92a4d3518ba.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p>bung is selected by default.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/7fe187f187074fbb9213c2bc119496e5.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第13张图片" height="294" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/7fe187f187074fbb9213c2bc119496e5.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>1. Write the difference between the three textAreas? 1) 2) 3)</strong></p> <p>The name and default content</p> <p><strong>2. How would you correct the third textArea? </strong></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/0595ec0bfe604b5eb89e2cbb21bd5119.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="【高级网络程序设计】Week2-3 HTML_第14张图片" height="222" src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/0595ec0bfe604b5eb89e2cbb21bd5119.jpg" width="650" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><strong>3. There is no value attribute – what is the value of a textArea?</strong></p> <p>The text content of it.</p> </blockquote> <h2>Lab2——html</h2> <h3>Questions</h3> <blockquote> <p><strong>1. What is HTML? How does it relate to HTTP?</strong></p> <p>· HTML is a mark-up language, which is used to build a web page and handle user input.</p> <p>· HTTP is the application protocol which is used to request and response on the browser and client. </p> <p>· HTML build the web page, and HTTP send and receive the web page.</p> <p></p> <p><strong>2. In HTML, you can have input of type submit, together with an associated button (like the Submit button in Error! Reference source not found.). What is supposed to happen when you click that button?</strong></p> <p>Button will not submit a form on their own, they don't do anything by default. 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