基于文件的服务发现是仅仅略优于静态配置的服务发现方式,它不依赖于任何平台或第三方服务,因而也是最为简单和通用的实现方式。
Prometheus Server 会定期从文件中加载 Target 信息,文件可使用 YAML 和 JSON 格式,它含有定义的 Target 列表,以及可选的标签信息。
下载地址:https://www.consul.io/downloads/
Consul 是一款基于 golang 开发的开源工具,主要面向分布式,服务化的系统提供服务注册、服务发现和配置管理的功能。
提供服务注册/发现、健康检查、Key/Value存储、多数据中心和分布式一致性保证等功能。
//基于 Kubernetes API 的服务发现
基于 Kubernetes API 的服务发现机制,支持将API Server 中 Node、Service、Endpoint、Pod 和 Ingress 等资源类型下相应的各资源对象视作 target, 并持续监视相关资源的变动
●Node、Service、Endpoint、Pod 和 Ingress 资源分别由各自的发现机制进行定义
●负责发现每种类型资源对象的组件,在 Prometheus 中称为一个 role
●支持在集群上基于 DaemonSet 控制器部署 node-exporter 后发现各 Node 节点,也可以通过 kubelet 来作为 Prometheus 发现各 Node 节点的入口
#基于 Kubernetes 发现机制的部分配置参数
# The API server addresses. If left empty, Prometheus is assumed to run inside of the cluster and will discover API servers automatically
and use the pod's
# CA certificate and bearer token file at /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/.
[ api_server: ]
# The Kubernetes role of entities that should be discovered. One of endpoints, service, pod, node, or ingress.
role:
# Optional authentication information used to authenticate to the API server.
# Note that ' basic_auth', 'bearer_token'和'bearer_token_file' 等认证方式互斥;
[ bearer_token: <secret> ]
[ bearer_token_file: <filename> ]
# TLS configuration.
tls_config:
# CA certificate to validate API server certificate with.
[ ca_file: <filename> ]
# Certificate and key files for client cert authentication to the server.
[ cert_file: <filename> ]
[ key_file: <filename> ]
# ServerName extension to indicate the name of the server.
[ server_name: <string> ]
# Optional namespace discovery. If omitted, all namespaces are used.
namespaces:
names:
[ - <string> ]
# The API server addresses. If left empty, Prometheus is assumed to run inside of the cluster and will discover API servers automatically
and use the pod's
# CA certificate and bearer token file at /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/.
[ api_server: ]
# The Kubernetes role of entities that should be discovered. One of endpoints, service, pod, node, or ingress.
role:
# Optional authentication information used to authenticate to the API server.
# Note that ' basic_auth', 'bearer_token'和'bearer_token_file' 等认证方式互斥;
[ bearer_token: <secret> ]
[ bearer_token_file: <filename> ]
# TLS configuration.
tls_config:
# CA certificate to validate API server certificate with.
[ ca_file: <filename> ]
# Certificate and key files for client cert authentication to the server.
[ cert_file: <filename> ]
[ key_file: <filename> ]
# ServerName extension to indicate the name of the server.
[ server_name: <string> ]
# Optional namespace discovery. If omitted, all namespaces are used.
namespaces:
names:
[ - <string> ]
新建工作目录
cd /usr/local/prometheus
mkdir targets
在文件中配置所需的 target
vim targets/node-exporter.yaml
- targets:
- 192.168.2.108:9100
- 192.168.2.106:9100
labels:
app: node-exporter
job: node
vim targets/mysqld-exporter.yaml
- targets:
- 192.168.2.108:9104
- 192.168.2.106:9104
labels:
app: mysqld-exporter
job: mysqld
修改 prometheus 配置文件,发现 target 的配置,定义在配置文件的 job 之中。
vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
......
scrape_configs:
- job_name: nodes
file_sd_configs: #指定使用文件服务发现
- files: #指定要加载的文件列表
- targets/node*.yaml #文件加载支持通配符
refresh_interval: 2m #每隔 2 分钟重新加载一次文件中定义的 Targets,默认为 5m
- job_name: mysqld
file_sd_configs:
- files:
- targets/mysqld*.yaml
refresh_interval: 2m
#先重启服务
systemctl reload prometheus
#然后
浏览器查看 Prometheus 页面的 Status -> Targets
cd /opt/
unzip consul_1.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
mv consul /usr/local/bin/
#创建 Consul 服务的数据目录和配置目录
mkdir /var/lib/consul-data
mkdir /etc/consul/
#使用 server 模式启动 Consul 服务
consul agent \
-server \
-bootstrap \
-ui \
-data-dir=/var/lib/consul-data \
-config-dir=/etc/consul/ \
-bind=192.168.2.108 \
-client=0.0.0.0 \
-node=consul-server01 &> /var/log/consul.log &
#查看 consul 集群成员
consul members
#在配置目录中添加文件
vim /etc/consul/nodes.json
{
"services": [
{
"id": "node_exporter-node01",
"name": "node01",
"address": "192.168.2.108",
"port": 9100,
"tags": ["nodes"],
"checks": [{
"http": "http://192.168.2.108:9100/metrics",
"interval": "5s"
}]
},
{
"id": "node_exporter-node02",
"name": "node02",
"address": "192.168.2.106",
"port": 9100,
"tags": ["nodes"],
"checks": [{
"http": "http://192.168.2.106:9100/metrics",
"interval": "5s"
}]
}
]
}
#让 consul 重新加载配置信息
consul reload
浏览器访问:http://192.168.2.108:8500
vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
......
- job_name: nodes
consul_sd_configs: #指定使用 consul 服务发现
- server: 192.168.2.108:8500 #指定 consul 服务的端点列表
tags: #指定 consul 服务发现的 services 中哪些 service 能够加入到 prometheus 监控的标签
- nodes
refresh_interval: 2m
systemctl reload prometheus
浏览器查看 Prometheus 页面的 Status -> Targets
#让 consul 注销 Service
consul services deregister -id="node_exporter-node02"
#重新注册
consul services register /etc/consul/nodes.json