超短的推文哦~

1. 专业名词不把握，何以自称专业

一串长字符英文专业名词，常常让人唏嘘到忍不住发朋友圈，吐（xuan）槽（yao）自己学的专业好（gao）难（da）啊（shang）。朋友圈发是发了，最后还是要回来自己跪在专业名词前面求放过的。

我不止一次被人家问到：“啊！cancer和tumor到底有啥不同啊？”

当时我是这么一本正经回答的，“cancer是癌症，tumor是肿瘤。”

没错，他还会再问，“癌症和肿瘤不都是绝症嘛！干嘛不统一呢。”

我，“癌症是恶性的，肿瘤分有良性和恶性啊。”

内心活动（春卷）<- c("我也不知道啊", "再问就穿帮了","泪流满面.jpg")

再说一遍，肿瘤和癌症并不是完全相等的！

再后来，上了研究生，自诩学到了一点东西，爬上了愚昧之山。开始给人家介绍上皮来源叫做癌，间质来源叫做瘤，还传给了师弟师妹，今日方知误人子弟，少不得回去还要给师弟师妹再纠正一番，说师姐错了（流泪.jpg+1）。

以上是平时沟通谨慎所需，但对专业名词的准确把握，是精准课题范围和立意的根本。不严谨，不成学。

2. 专业的问题，当然要用专业的工具

二话不说，自然是来一个专业的网站了，NCI是NIH旗下的组织，提供专业的医学词典。你问我为啥不查查中文就算了，看英文多累啊，唉，其实中文资源真的太少了。

National Cancer Institute ,NCI

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词典简介如下：

NCI Dictionaries

NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

A dictionary of cancer and biomedical terms defined in non-technical language. Terms and definitions are reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel of reviewers and new terms are added each month.

NCI Dictionary of Genetics Terms

A dictionary of more than 150 genetics-related terms written for healthcare professionals. This resource was developed to support the comprehensive, evidence-based, peer-reviewed PDQ cancer genetics information summaries.

NCI Drug Dictionary

The NCI Drug Dictionary contains technical definitions and synonyms for drugs/agents used to treat patients with cancer or conditions related to cancer. Each drug entry includes links to check for clinical trials listed in NCI's List of Cancer Clinical Trials.

3. 查询结果奉上

（1）tumor=neoplasm，包含良性和恶性（属于cancer）

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（2）cancer是集大成者

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简单来说，cancer有以下几个分类：

A. Carcinoma （癌）： 来自于皮肤或者器官

B. Sarcoma （肉瘤）：来源于骨、软骨、脂肪、肌肉、血管、结缔组织或者支撑性组织。

C. Leukemia （血癌）：血液系统相关癌症

D. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma （淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓癌）：免疫系统相关

E. Central nervous system cancer （神经系统相关）：也叫malignancy)！我前阵子写了一个proposal，就用malignancy为主语，还好误打误撞，正好是神经系统肿瘤，即使是这样，也吓到了，简直是无知啊。

这里有勘误，感谢用户名为“语冷”https://www.jianshu.com/u/6a386d5023c0的小伙伴的勘误。这里的malignancy的意思是恶性肿瘤的意思，是cancer的别名，而不是单指神经系统相关的癌。

（3）stromal和mesenchymal难舍难分

按照中文翻译，两者皆有“间质”之意，前者还可称之为“基质”，后者还可称“间充质”，虽中文博大精深，但到底名字是人家起的。

stromal cell

A type of cell that makes up certain types of connective tissue (supporting tissue that surrounds other tissues and organs).

stromal tumor

A tumor that arises in the supporting connective tissue of an organ.

mesenchymal (meh-ZEN-kih-mul)

Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue.

思考题：那么到底stromal和mesenchymal有什么区别呢？

加油吧少年！

# 我是大彩蛋~

Carcinoma

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Leukemia

Types of leukemia

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML，急性髓细胞白血病 ): This type of leukemia is caused by an underdevelopment or abnormalities in the DNA of the bone marrow.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL，急性淋巴细胞白血病 ): This type of cancer is commonly found in infants and children （好发于婴幼儿）. The spread of this type of cancer occurs when the white cells begin to grow at a rapid rate.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML，慢性髓系白血病 ): This form of cancer occurs when the myeloid cells undergo a genetic change（与基因有关）. Due to this genetic change in cells, the normal cells do not have the chance to properly fight infections.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL，慢性淋巴细胞白血病): This form of leukemia affects the blood cells as well as the bone marrow.

原创by冻春卷

tumor，cancer，carcinoma傻傻分不清楚，为什么肿瘤有这么多名字！