Docker

Docker的安装

在centos7版本下 

1.卸载旧版本Docker

yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine

2.首先安装g++与gcc

yum -y install gcc
yum -y install g++

3.安装需要的安装包

yum install -y yum-utils

4.设置镜像仓库地址

yum-config-manager --add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

5.更新yum软件包索引

yum makecache fast

6.安装Docker

yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

7.查看Docker版本

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           24.0.7
 API version:       1.43
 Go version:        go1.20.10
 Git commit:        afdd53b
 Built:             Thu Oct 26 09:09:18 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
​
Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          24.0.7
  API version:      1.43 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.20.10
  Git commit:       311b9ff
  Built:            Thu Oct 26 09:08:20 2023
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.24
  GitCommit:        61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.9
  GitCommit:        v1.1.9-0-gccaecfc
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

8.设置开机自动启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker

Docker安装完成

Docker的使用

常用命令

启动Docker

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker

查看Docker的运行状态

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker

Docker_第1张图片

重启Docker

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker

 停止Docker服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop docker

查看命令相关信息

docker 相关命令 --help

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp --help

Usage:  docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
	docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin
and extract it to a directory destination in a container.
Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a
container source to stdout.

Aliases:
  docker container cp, docker cp

Options:
  -a, --archive       Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
  -L, --follow-link   Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH
  -q, --quiet         Suppress progress output during copy. Progress output is automatically suppressed if
                      no terminal is attached

镜像命令 

列出本地主机上的镜像

docker images

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world                         latest    9c7a54a9a43c   6 months ago    13.3kB
redis                               6.2.7     4b1123a829a1   11 months ago   113MB
apache/rocketmq                     4.9.3     9a54e5b5b6c1   20 months ago   535MB
alpine                              latest    c059bfaa849c   2 years ago     5.58MB
apacherocketmq/rocketmq-dashboard   latest    eae6c5db5d11   2 years ago     738MB
portainer/portainer                 latest    580c0e4e98b0   2 years ago     79.1MB
         参数                                 含义
REPOSITORY 表示镜像的仓库源
TAG
镜像的标签版本号。在下载镜像的时候,如果默认不加版本号,就会
下载默认最新版本的镜像。如果加上指定版本号的镜像,下载的就是对应版
本的镜像。
IMAGE ID 镜像ID
CREATED 镜像创建时间
SIZE 镜像大小
-a : 列出本地所有的镜像(含历史映像层)。
-q : 只显示镜像 ID

搜索某个镜像的名称

docker search XXX
[root@localhost ~]# docker search redis
NAME                                DESCRIPTION                                      STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
redis                               Redis is an open source key-value store that…   12498     [OK]       
redislabs/redisearch                Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded…   61                   
redislabs/redisinsight              RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis                 94                   
redis/redis-stack-server            redis-stack-server installs a Redis server w…   60                   
redis/redis-stack                   redis-stack installs a Redis server with add…   82                   
redislabs/rebloom                   A probablistic datatypes module for Redis        25                   [OK]
redislabs/redis                     Clustered in-memory database engine compatib…   40     

docker search --limit N XXX

 只列出N个镜像,默认为25个

[root@localhost ~]# docker search --limit 5 redis
NAME                       DESCRIPTION                                      STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
redis                      Redis is an open source key-value store that…   12498     [OK]       
redislabs/redisearch       Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded…   61                   
redislabs/redisinsight     RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis                 94                   
redis/redis-stack-server   redis-stack-server installs a Redis server w…   60                   
redis/redis-stack          redis-stack installs a Redis server with add…   82   

 拉取指定的镜像到本地

docker pull XXX 没带标签就拉取最新版本的镜像

docker pull XXX:6.1.10 拉取指定标签的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
c7a4e4382001: Pull complete 
4044b9ba67c9: Pull complete 
c8388a79482f: Pull complete 
413c8bb60be2: Pull complete 
1abfd3011519: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest

查看镜像/容器/数据卷所占的空间

docker system df 

[root@localhost ~]# docker system df
TYPE            TOTAL     ACTIVE    SIZE      RECLAIMABLE
Images          9         8         3.063GB   112.7MB (3%)
Containers      15        5         10.4MB    1.993MB (19%)
Local Volumes   4         4         218.8kB   0B (0%)
Build Cache     0         0         0B        0B

 删除某个镜像

docker rmi XXX

docker rmi 某个镜像的IMAGE ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi redis
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339
Deleted: sha256:7614ae9453d1d87e740a2056257a6de7135c84037c367e1fffa92ae922784631
Deleted: sha256:49c70179bc923a7d48583d58e2b6c21bde1787edf42ed1f8de9e9b96e2e88e65
Deleted: sha256:396e06df5d1120368a7a8a4fd1e5467cdc2dd4083660890df078c654596ddc1c
Deleted: sha256:434d118df2e9edb51238f6ba46e9efdfa21be68e88f54787531aa39a720a0740
Deleted: sha256:2047f09c412ff06f4e2ee8a25d105055e714d99000711e27a55072e640796294
Deleted: sha256:13d71c9ccb39b206211dd1900d06aa1984b0f5ab8abaa628c70b3eb733303a65
Deleted: sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f

不能删除正在运行容器的镜像,可以加上参数-f强制删除

docker rmi -f XXX

docker rmi -f 镜像名1:TAG 镜像名2:TAG 可以删除多个镜像

容器命令

启动容器

 docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

OPTIONS 含义
--name="容器新名字" 为容器指定一个名称;
-d 后台运行容器并返回容器ID,也即启动守护式容器(后台运行)
-i 以交互模式运行容器,通常与 -t 同时使用; -t:
-t
为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与 -i 同时使用; 也即启动交互式容器( 前台有伪终端,等待交互 )
-P 随机端口映射,大写P
-p 指定端口映射,小写p
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
root@168fd40e5a27:/# 

参数说明:

-i: 交互式操作。
-t: 终端。
ubuntu: ubuntu 镜像。
/bin/bash :放在镜像名后的是命令,这里我们希望有个交互式 Shell ,用来解
释执行 linux 指令。因此用的是 /bin/bash
要退出终端,直接输入 exit

列出正在运行的容器

docker ps

root@168fd40e5a27:/# [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                      COMMAND                   CREATED              STATUS                            PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
168fd40e5a27   ubuntu                                     "/bin/bash"               About a minute ago   Up About a minute                                                                                                        jovial_einstein
e2592a496c60   portainer/portainer                        "/portainer"              7 weeks ago          Up 34 minutes                     0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp   portainer
2984b012f3be   apacherocketmq/rocketmq-dashboard:latest   "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   7 weeks ago          Up 34 minutes                     0.0.0.0:8280->8080/tcp, :::8280->8080/tcp                                              rocketmq-console
799a4159b6cf   apache/rocketmq:4.9.3                      "sh mqbroker -c /hom…"   7 weeks ago          Restarting (255) 41 seconds ago                                                                                          rocketmq-broker
e7cc34338422   redis:6.2.7                                "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 months ago         Up 34 minutes                     0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp                                              redis6
12b28b13b6cd   mysql:8.0.20                               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 months ago         Up 34 minutes                     0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp        

可以携带的参数:

-a : 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史上运行过的
-l : 显示最近创建的容器。
-n :显示最近 n 个创建的容器。
-q : 只显示正在运行的容器编号。

退出容器

  1. exit  容器停止
  2. ctrl + p + q 容器不停止

启动已停止运行的容器

docker start 容器 ID 或者容器名
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
95cece2337ab   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   24 seconds ago   Up 23 seconds             frosty_fermi
27f56882f7fe   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   43 seconds ago   Up 42 seconds             charming_lamport
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 95cece2337ab
95cece2337ab

重启容器

docker restart 容器 ID 或者容器名
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n 3
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
95cece2337ab   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                    frosty_fermi
27f56882f7fe   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                    charming_lamport
cef340972b6b   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago        Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             eloquent_buck
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart cef340972b6b
cef340972b6b

停止容器

docker stop 容器ID或者容器名

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop cef340972b6b
cef340972b6b

强制停止容器

docker kill 容器ID或者容器名称

[root@localhost ~]# docker kill 95cece2337ab
95cece2337ab

删除已停止的容器

docker rm 容器ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 95cece2337ab
95cece2337ab

删除正在运行的容器需要加上-f 

docker rm -f XXX

启动守护式容器与进入容器

如果是前台运行

Docker_第2张图片

这种启动方式会霸占我们整个 linux终端,导致我们不能做其他的事情。所以在大部分的场景下,我们希望 docker 的服务是在后台运行的,我们可以通过-d 指定容器的后台运行模式。
0365c86064ff2f9fdf46a6d90c12685bb43f1b56f5c5bc6560abfda3e1dbc3ac
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                      COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS                            PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
0365c86064ff   redis                                      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago    Up 3 seconds                      6379/tcp             

查看容器日志

docker logs 容器ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs 0365c86064ff
1:C 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.693 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
1:C 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.693 # Redis version=6.2.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
1:C 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.693 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.694 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 # Server initialized
1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 * Ready to accept connections

查看容器内运行的进程

docker top 容器 ID
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 0365c86064ff
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
systemd+            26755               26736               0                   15:30               ?                   00:00:00            redis-server *:6379

查看容器内部具体细节命令

docker inspect 容器 ID
Docker_第3张图片

进入容器内部

docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 0365c86064ff /bin/bash
root@0365c86064ff:/data# 

使用exit退出后容器依然在运行

也可以通过docker attach 容器ID的方式进入容器,但是exit退出会导致容器停止

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径 

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