On Reading Minds 1
Today I'm going to talk to you about the problem of other minds.
And the problem I'm going to talk about is not the familiar one from philosophy, which is, "How can we know whether other people have minds?"
ps:我要说的问题，不是哲学里熟悉的问题，那就是，“我们怎么知道别人有没有思想？”
problem棘手的问题; 难题; 困难; 逻辑题; 数学题; 找麻烦的; 成问题的; 惹乱子的
going离去; 去; 离开; 进展速度; 难度; 地面状况; 常去…的; 走; 移动，旅行，行走; go的现在分词
talk about这才叫…;真是
familiar熟悉的; 常见到的; 常听说的; 通晓; 熟悉; 随便的; 常客; 密友; 高级官吏的家属; 教皇[主教]的仆人
philosophy哲学; 哲学体系; 思想体系; 人生哲学; 生活的信条
know知道; 知悉; 了解; 认识到; 懂得; 意识到; 确信; 确知; 肯定
whether是否; 是…，或者…，不管…
other people别人；他人；物；旁人
minds头脑; 大脑; 思考能力; 智慧; 思维方式; 聪明人; 富有才智的人; 对烦恼，苦恼
That is, maybe you have a mind, and everyone else is just a really convincing robot.
So that's a problem in philosophy, but for today's purposes I'm going to assume that many people in this audience have a mind, and that I don't have to worry about this.
ps:这是哲学上的一个问题，但就今天的目的而言，我假设在座的很多人都有头脑，我不必为此担心。
So that因此; 以便
philosophy哲学; 哲学体系; 思想体系; 人生哲学; 生活的信条
but for倘没有; 要不是
purposes意图; 目的; 用途; 目标; 情势的需要; 重要意义; 有价值的意义; purpose的第三人称单数和复数
many people许多人; 人多; 很多人
audience观众，听众; 观众，读者; 会见; 觐见; 进见
and that而且，并且
have to必须; 不得不; 劝告或建议时用; 表示一定真实或肯定发生
worry about发愁; 担忧; 为…发愁; 替…担忧
There is a second problem that is maybe even more familiar to us as parents and teachers and spouses and novelists, which is, "Why is it so hard to know what somebody else wants or believes?"
ps:作为父母、教师、配偶和小说家，我们可能更熟悉第二个问题，那就是，“为什么很难知道别人想要什么或相信什么？”
There is有
that is即; 用于纠正之前说过的内容
even more更
familiar to为…所熟悉
teachers教师; 教员; 老师; 先生; teacher的复数
spouses配偶; spouse的第三人称单数和复数
novelists小说家; novelist的复数
believes相信; 认为真实; 把当真; 认为有可能; 认定; 看作; believe的第三人称单数
Or perhaps, more relevantly, "Why is it so hard to change what somebody else wants or believes?"
ps:或者更贴切地说，“为什么要改变别人想要或相信的东西这么难？”
perhaps可能; 大概; 也许; 或许; 假定; 猜想; 未定之事
more更多的，更大的; 更; 更强，更多; many的比较级; much的比较级
Why为什么，为何; 何必; 为什么，…的原因; 哎呀，呦，哟，嗨; 原因;理由;说明;难解的问题
change改变; 变化; 使不同; 变换，改换，变成; 变更; 变革; 替代; 更换; 替代物
what什么; …的事物; 无论什么; 凡是…的事物; 多么; 真; 太
wants要; 想要; 希望; 需要; 需要…在场; 需要的东西; 想望的东西; 缺少; 缺乏; 不足; 贫穷; 贫困; 匮乏; want的第三人称单数和复数
believes相信; 认为真实; 把当真; 认为有可能; 认定; 看作; believe的第三人称单数
I think novelists put this best.
Like Philip Roth, who said, "And yet, what are we to do about this terribly significant business of other people?
ps:就像菲利普·罗斯所说的，“但是，对于其他人的这件非常重要的事情，我们该怎么办呢？
who谁，什么人; 表示所指的人; 进一步提供有关某人的信息
said说; 讲; 告诉; 念; 朗诵; 背诵; 表达，表述; say的过去分词和过去式
terribly非常; 很; 非常地; 很厉害地
significant有重大意义的; 显著的; 有某种意义的; 别有含义的; 意味深长的
business商业; 买卖; 生意; 商务; 公事; 营业额; 贸易额; 营业状况
other people别人；他人；物；旁人
So ill equipped are we all, to envision one another's interior workings and invisible aims."
ps:我们都是如此缺乏能力，无法想象彼此的内部运作和无形目标。”
ill有病; 不舒服; 坏的; 不良的; 有害的; 不吉利的; 不祥的; 恶劣地; 讨厌地; 差劲; 不足; 困难地; 问题; 弊端; 疾病; 伤害; 厄运
equipped配备; 装备; 使有所准备; 使有能力; equip的过去分词和过去式
envision展望; 想象
one another互相
interior内部; 里面; 内陆; 内地; 腹地; 内政，内务; 内部的; 里面的
workings运作，工作方法; 矿，巷道，作业区; working的复数
invisible看不见的; 隐形的; 无形的; 看不见的人
aims目的; 目标; 瞄准; 力求达到; 力争做到; 目的是; 旨在; 对准; aim的第三人称单
So as a teacher and as a spouse, this is, of course, a problem I confront every day.
But as a scientist, I'm interested in a different problem of other minds, and that is the one I'm going to introduce to you today.
And that problem is, "How is it so easy to know other minds?"
So to start with an illustration, you need almost no information, one snapshot of a stranger, to guess what this woman is thinking, or what this man is.
ps:所以从一个例子开始，你几乎不需要任何信息，一个陌生人的快照，来猜测这个女人在想什么，或者这个男人是什么。
start with以…开始
illustration图表，插图; 图解; 图示; 例释; 故事，实例，示例
need需要; 必需; 有必要; 必须; 特别需要; 迫切要求; 需要的事物; 欲望
almost几乎; 差不多
snapshot简介; 简要说明; 给…拍快照拍快照
guess what你看
woman成年女子; 妇女; 女子; 女人; 来自…的女子
thinking思想; 思考; 思维; 想法; 见解; 思想的; 有理智的; 有思考力的; 认为; 以为; 想
And put another way, the crux of the problem is the machine that we use for thinking about other minds, our brain, is made up of pieces, brain cells, that we share with all other animals, with monkeys and mice and even sea slugs.
ps:换言之，问题的关键是我们用来思考其他思想的机器，我们的大脑，是由碎片、脑细胞组成的，我们与所有其他动物、猴子、老鼠甚至海蛞蝓共享。
crux关键，最难点，症结
use for作……用
minds头脑; 大脑; 思考能力; 智慧; 思维方式; 聪明人; 富有才智的人; 对烦恼，苦恼，焦虑; 介意; 不关心; 不在意; 不考虑; mind的第三人称单数和复数
made up of由…组成
share with合伙; 合住; 承担; 跟…看法一致
monkeys猴子; 顽皮的孩子; 调皮鬼; 捣蛋鬼; 500英镑; monkey的第三人称单数和复数
micemouse 的复数
slugs缓步虫; 蛞蝓; 少量，一小杯; 子弹; 用力打; 狠揍; 猛击; slug的第三人称单数和
And yet, you put them together in a particular network, and what you get is the capacity to write Romeo and Juliet.
ps:然而，你把它们放在一个特定的网络里，你得到的是写《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的能力。
put放; 安置; 猛推; 用力插入; 将…送往; 使…前往
them他们; 她们; 它们; 指性别不详的人时，用以代替him或her
together在一起; 共同; 以使接触; 到一起; 关系密切; 有婚姻关系; 自信而妥实的
particular专指的，特指的; 不寻常的; 格外的; 特别的; 讲究; 挑剔; 细节，详情; 详细资料; 详细介绍材料
network网络; 网状系统; 关系网; 人际网; 相互关系的系统; 将…连接成网络; 联播; 建立工作关系
what什么; …的事物; 无论什么; 凡是…的事物; 多么; 真; 太
write书写; 写字; 写作; 作曲; 编写; 写信
Or to say, as Alan Greenspan did, "I know you think you understand what you thought I said, but I'm not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant."
ps:或者说，就像艾伦·格林斯潘所说的，“我知道你认为你理解我说的话，但我不确定你是否意识到你听到的不是我的意思。”
say说; 讲; 告诉; 念; 朗诵; 背诵; 表达，表述; 决定权; 发言权; 嘿，啧啧; 喂，我说
know知道; 知悉; 了解; 认识到; 懂得; 意识到; 确信; 确知; 肯定
think认为; 以为; 想; 思考; 思索; 思想; 琢磨; 想法
understand懂; 理解; 领会; 了解; 认识到; 明了; 谅解; 体谅
thought想法; 看法; 主意; 记忆; 心思; 思想; 思考能力; 思维过程; 思考; 思维; 认为; 以为; 想; 思索; 琢磨; think的过去分词和过去式
sure确信; 确知; 肯定; 有把握; 一定，必定，无疑; 无疑; 当然; 确实，的确; 不用客气，应该的
realize理解; 领会; 认识到; 意识到; 实现; 将…变为现实; 发生，产生
heard听见; 听到; 听; 注意听; 倾听; 听说; 得知; hear的过去分词和过去式
meant原本打算的;本应的; 为…而做的;为…而准备的; 表示…的意思; 意思是; 本意是; 打算; 意
Questions:
1.If you put brain cells together in a particular network, what you get is the capacity to write Romeo and Juliet?
the ability to understand others' thoughts on a deep level.
2.The crux of a problem is
the most important or difficult part.
3.How does Saxe start her speech?
She engages the audience by introducing questions they're familiar with.
Fill in the blanks
the crux of the problem is the machine that we use for thinking about other minds, our brain, is made up of pieces, brain cells, that we share with all other animals.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1.We often misunderstand other people without realizing it.
2.as a teacher and as a spouse, this is, of course, a problem I confront every day.
3.The crux of a problem is the most important or difficult part of it.
4.So as a teacher and as a spouse, this is, of course, a problem I confront every day. But as a scientist, I'm interested in a different problem of other minds, and that is the one I'm going to introduce to you today. And that problem is, "How is it so easy to know other minds?"