esp32获取网络天气时钟--桌面旋转太空人天气预报站
九月一到，就有了秋意，秋意在一个多雾的黎明溜来，到了炎热的下午便不见踪影。它踮起脚尖掠过树顶，染红几片叶子，然后乘着一簇飞掠过山谷离开。秋天已悄悄到来，背上你的行囊，叫上你的小伙伴一起去外面看看缤纷的世界。这不我养的小青蛙已经出去旅行了，它总是会给我发一些它在旅游时候的照片，不过最近在外好像有了艳遇。给大家看看它寄回来的照片。
我每当我看到我这里天气的变好或变差的时候，我都会去看看我的蛙儿子在哪里旅行。
功能：
1.接受当地时间及当地天气，显示在屏幕上
2.使用ESP32-E的电容触摸引脚，切换屏幕显示内容，显示青蛙旅行图片
用esp32做成的桌面天气站
一、准备材料
1.硬件材料：
- ESP32-E主板
- 3.7V电池
- 3.7V电池充电器
- TFT屏幕
2.外壳打印：点击链接获取图纸
二、制作过程
2.1 将各个模块按下图进行连接
2.2 安装开发板和库文件
- 关于如何下载本次使用的库文件，DFRobot_GDL库文件.
- 关于如何使用Firebeetle Board-ESP32-E，点击链接。
- 关于如何下载库文件，点击链接。
三、使用esp32获取网络天气及时间
ESP32同时支持STA以及AP模式的WiFi连接。
- STA 模式：ESP32模块通过路由器连接互联网，手机或电脑通过互联网实现对设备的远程控制。
- AP 模式：ESP32模块作为热点，实现手机或电脑直接与模块通信，实现局域网无线控制。
- STA+AP 模式：两种模式的共存模式，即可以通过互联网控制可实现无缝切换，方便操作。
-
#include#include #include HTTPClient http; const char* ssid="dfrobotOffice"; const char* password="dfrobot2011"; const char* ntpServer = "pool.ntp.org"; const long gmtOffset_sec = 28800; const int daylightOffset_sec = 0; DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024); DynamicJsonDocument doc1(1024); void printLocalTime(){ struct tm timeinfo; if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){ Serial.println("Failed to obtian time"); return ; } Serial.println(&timeinfo,"%A, %B %d %Y %H:%M:%S"); } void printLocalWeather(){ http.begin("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101270101.html"); int httpCode = http.GET(); if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK){ String pageData = http .getString(); //Serial.println(pageData); deserializeJson(doc,pageData); JsonObject obj = doc.as (); String weatherInfo = obj["weatherinfo"]; deserializeJson(doc1,weatherInfo); JsonObject obj1 = doc1.as (); String city = obj1["city"]; String temp1 = obj1["temp1"]; String temp2 = obj1["temp2"]; String weather = obj1["weather"]; String cityInfo ="地点："+ city; String tempInfo =" 温度: " + temp1 + "~" + temp2; String cityWeatherinfo = " 天气状况: " + weather; Serial.println("获得天气情况如下："); printLocalTime(); Serial.print(cityInfo); Serial.print(tempInfo); Serial.println(cityWeatherinfo); }else{ Serial.println("GET ERR"); } http.end(); } void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); Serial.printf("Connecting to %s",ssid); WiFi.begin(ssid,password); while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){ delay(500); Serial.print("."); } Serial.println(" CONNECTED"); configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer); // printLocalWeather(); } void loop() { if(WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED){ printLocalWeather(); }else{ Serial.println("WiFi Disconnect"); } }
说明：本Demo实现了通过WiFi功能获取网络时间以及通过访问国家气象局提供的http://www.weather.com.cn/datalcityinfo/101010100.html来获取天气情况，本接口中“101010100"为城市代码。
注意：该例程需要下载ArduinoJson库，下载方式如下图
注意：该例程需要下载ArduinoJson库，下载方式如下图
结果
四、添加旋转太空人图片
4.1 旋转太空人的动态图，其实是从动态图里面截取下来的4张图片 通过每100毫秒切换一张图片，达到旋转太空人的形态。
4.2 把图片转换成数组
4.3 把图片的数组存放到.h文件下
4.4 图片的使用代码如下
#include
#include "BMP.h"
#define TFT_DC D2
#define TFT_CS D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
void setup() {
screen.begin();
}
void loop() {
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black1);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black2);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black3);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black4);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black5);
}
4.5 图片动态展示
五、把从网络上获取到的天气和时间信息显示在TFT屏幕
5.1 python环境搭建 在使用setup.py脚本生成自定义字体之前，需要做如下准备:
- 登录网址https://www.python.org/downloads/，下载python3.6及以上版本；
- 安装完毕后，需要用下列命令安装python第三方依赖包:
- pip3 install numpy
- pip install freetype-py
- pip install chardet
5.2 生成自定义字体
把ttf文件放在库文件的对应ttf文件夹下，这里我提供了一个ttf文件，供大家使用。点击链接获取
- 将TTF字体文件存放在ttf文件夹里，例如：SIMKAI.TTF（简体字 楷体）
- 在text.txt文件中输入你想生成的字符，例如：你好，世界！
- 打开config.txt文件，配置生成字体文件的名字前缀和字体大小
5.3 在屏幕上显示
- 运行setup.py脚本，会在font文件夹生成一系列后缀名为.h的字体文件，并弹出一个font.txt的文本，再进行以下步骤，即可在屏上显示：你好，世界！
- 将font文件夹里的文件复制到DFRobot_GDL\src\Fonts\Fonts目录下;
- 将弹出的font.txt的内容粘贴到DFRobot_GDL\src\Fonts\DFRobot_Font.h文件中;
- 打开Arduino IDE，构造屏对象，如tft，调用tft.setFont(&SIMKAIFont48pt);
- 调用tft.println("你好，世界！"),此时即可在屏上显示"你好，世界！"
5.4 显示天气和时间的代码如下
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "BMP.h"
HTTPClient http;
const char* ssid="dfrobotOffice";
const char* password="dfrobot2011";
const char* ntpServer = "pool.ntp.org";
const long gmtOffset_sec = 28800;
const int daylightOffset_sec = 0;
DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
DynamicJsonDocument doc1(1024);
#define TFT_DC D2
#define TFT_CS D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
String weekDays[]={"周天", "周一", "周二","周三", "周四", "周五", "周六"};
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
screen.begin();
Serial.printf("Connecting to %s",ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println(" CONNECTED");
configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer);
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
}
void printLocalWeather(){
http.begin("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101270101.html");
int httpCode = http.GET();
if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK){
String pageData = http .getString();
//Serial.println(pageData);
deserializeJson(doc,pageData);
JsonObject obj = doc.as();
String weatherInfo = obj["weatherinfo"];
deserializeJson(doc1,weatherInfo);
JsonObject obj1 = doc1.as();
String city = obj1["city"];
String temp1 = obj1["temp1"];
String temp2 = obj1["temp2"];
String weather = obj1["weather"];
String cityInfo = city;
String tempInfo =temp1 + "~" + temp2;
String cityWeatherinfo =weather;
Serial.println("获得天气情况如下：");
Serial.print(cityInfo);
Serial.print(tempInfo);
Serial.println(cityWeatherinfo);
struct tm timeinfo;
if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
return ;
}
Serial.println(&timeinfo, "%F %R %u"); // 格式化输出
//显示天气及时间信息
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/55);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0);
screen.setTextColor(COLOR_RGB565_LGRAY);
screen.setTextWrap(true);
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont48pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/124,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(weekDays[timeinfo.tm_wday]);
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont24pt );//设置字体大小 为24像素点大小
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/130,/*y=*/70); //设置显示光标
screen.println(cityWeatherinfo);//屏幕显示天气状况，如多云转晴类字样
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/125,/*y=*/200,/*w=*/24,/*h=*/24,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black6);//屏幕显示位置图标
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont36pt );//设置字体大小 为36像素点大小
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/120,/*y=*/135);//设置显示光标
screen.println(tempInfo);//屏幕显示温度信息
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/204,/*y=*/135);
screen.println("°");//显示温度的符号
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/150,/*y=*/190);
screen.println(cityInfo);//屏幕显示你所在城市的位置信息
}else{
Serial.println("GET ERR");
}
http.end();
}
void loop() {
if(WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED){
printLocalWeather();
}else{
Serial.println("WiFi Disconnect");
}
}
5.5 显示效果
六、使用电容触摸显示青蛙儿子旅行照片
6.1 电容按键
ESP32提供了电容触摸传感器的功能, 共有T0,T2~T9 共 9个touch传感器可用.分别对应引脚4、2、15、13、12、14、27、33、32. 无需设置PinMode，touchRead()返回值为0~255. 触摸强度越大，返回值越小。 烧录此例程，将使用4/D12引脚作为触摸按键，并通过串口监视器返回触摸值
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
Serial.printf("touch:%d\n",touchRead(4));
}结果
6.2 选择放置的图片
6.3 触摸一次就切换一次图片代码
#include
#include "BMP.h"
#define TFT_DC D2
#define TFT_CS D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
uint8_t randNumber;
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
uint8_t printfrog(uint8_t number){
switch(number){
case 0:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa1);//显示的随机图片
delay(2000);
break;
case 1:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa2);
delay(2000);
break;
case 2:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa3);
delay(2000);
break;
case 3:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa4);
delay(2000);
break;
case 4:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa5);
delay(2000);
break;
case 5:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa6);
delay(2000);
break;
}
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
screen.begin();
}
void loop() {
if(touchRead(4)<=20)
{
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
Serial.println("摸到了");
randNumber =random(PICNUMBER);
Serial.println(randNumber);//随机数的打印
printfrog(randNumber);
}
else{
Serial.println("没有摸到");
}
}
6.4 随机触摸显示图片效果展示
七、 完整功能代码展示
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "BMP.h"
HTTPClient http;
const char* ssid="dfrobotOffice";
const char* password="dfrobot2011";
const char* ntpServer = "pool.ntp.org";
const long gmtOffset_sec = 28800;
const int daylightOffset_sec = 0;
DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
DynamicJsonDocument doc1(1024);
#define TFT_DC D2
#define TFT_CS D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
uint8_t randNumber;
uint16_t color = 0x00FF;
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
String weekDays[]={"周天", "周一", "周二","周三", "周四", "周五", "周六"};
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
//打印输出所在地的时间函数
void printLocalTime(){
struct tm timeinfo;
if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
return ;
}
}
//每隔多少秒系统时间 使用一次的函数
boolean doDelayMillisTime(long interval , boolean state) {
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
previousMillis = currentMillis;
state = !state;
}
return state;
}
//产生的随机数是几号 就播放几号的图片
uint8_t printfrog(uint8_t number){
struct tm timeinfo;
if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
// return ;
}
switch(number){
case 0:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa1);//显示的随机图片
delay(2000);
break;
case 1:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa2);
delay(2000);
break;
case 2:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa3);
delay(2000);
break;
case 3:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa4);
delay(2000);
break;
case 4:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa5);
delay(2000);
break;
case 5:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa6);
delay(2000);
break;
}
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK); //刷新一次屏幕
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/55);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
}
//打印当地所在的天气
void printLocalWeather(){
http.begin("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101270101.html");
int httpCode = http.GET();
if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK){
String pageData = http .getString();
//Serial.println(pageData);
deserializeJson(doc,pageData);
JsonObject obj = doc.as();
String weatherInfo = obj["weatherinfo"];
deserializeJson(doc1,weatherInfo);
JsonObject obj1 = doc1.as();
String city = obj1["city"];
String temp1 = obj1["temp1"];
String temp2 = obj1["temp2"];
String weather = obj1["weather"];
String cityInfo = city;
String tempInfo =temp1 + "~" + temp2;
String cityWeatherinfo =weather;
Serial.println("获得天气情况如下：");
Serial.print(cityInfo);
Serial.print(tempInfo);
Serial.println(cityWeatherinfo);
struct tm timeinfo;
if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
return ;
}
Serial.println(&timeinfo, "%F %R %u"); // 格式化输出
//每当有触摸发生就显示图片
if(touchRead(4)<=20)
{
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
Serial.println("摸到了");
randNumber =random(PICNUMBER);
Serial.println(randNumber);//随机数的打印
printfrog(randNumber);
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/55);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
}
else{
Serial.println("没有摸到");
}
//每间隔20s刷新一次屏幕
if (doDelayMillisTime(20000 , false) == true) {
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/55);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
}
//显示天气及时间信息
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0);
screen.setTextColor(COLOR_RGB565_LGRAY);
screen.setTextWrap(true);
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont48pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/124,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(weekDays[timeinfo.tm_wday]);
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont24pt );//设置字体大小 为24像素点大小
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/130,/*y=*/70); //设置显示光标
screen.println(cityWeatherinfo);//屏幕显示天气状况，如多云转晴类字样
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/125,/*y=*/200,/*w=*/24,/*h=*/24,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black6);//屏幕显示位置图标
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont36pt );//设置字体大小 为36像素点大小
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/120,/*y=*/135);//设置显示光标
screen.println(tempInfo);//屏幕显示温度信息
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/204,/*y=*/135);
screen.println("°");//显示温度的符号
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/150,/*y=*/190);
screen.println(cityInfo);//屏幕显示你所在城市的位置信息
//旋转太空人的屏幕显示
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black1);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black2);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black3);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black4);
delay(100);
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black5);
}else{
Serial.println("GET ERR");
}
http.end();
}
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(115200);
screen.begin();
Serial.printf("Connecting to %s",ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println(" CONNECTED");
configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer);
}
void loop() {
if(WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED){
printLocalWeather();
}else{
Serial.println("WiFi Disconnect");
}
}
从这次的小应用中我学会了很多东西，比如在tft屏幕上显示图片、动态图、中文。如何抓取天气信息，如何把抓取到的信息显示到tft屏幕上。
所以去旅行吧，不理会繁杂的琐事，自由自在地，去体验一个城市，一段故事，留下一片欢笑。