gitHub 常用命令(笔记)

创立版本库:

mkdir Baidu

cd Baidu

git init


SSH

ssh-keygen -t -rsa -C "TaylorApril947939@gmail"

(在github上new SSH,内容为id_rsa.pub)

添加远程库

(github上新建git仓库,选择REAMDE.md)

git remote add origin [email protected]:TaylorApril/Baidu.git

git push -u origin master

(报错)

git pull --rebase origin master

git push -u origin master

git push origin master

提交(文件名字read.txt)

git add read.txt

(所有文件 git add .)

git commit -m "说明文字"

git push


版本回退

(查看最近到最远提交日志)

git log --prtty=oneline

(回退版本计数:HEAD^上一个版本、HEAD~100上与100个版本)

git reset --hard HEAD^

(回退版本号码:回退版本commit id为3628df)

git reset --hard 3628df

(想要恢复:使用命令记录来找回commit id回退)

git reflog


撤销修改

———>              git add files              git commit 

working directory--------------stage-------------history

<———         git checkout --files         git reset --files



删除文件(read.txt)

rm read.txt

(从版本库中删除)

git rm read.txt

git commit -m "delete"

(删错了)

git checkout -- read.txt

分支(分支名字dev)

创建分支:git branch dev

切换分支:git checkout dev

创建+切换分支:git checkout -b dev

查看当前分支:git branch

切换回master分支:git checkout master

合并指定分支到当前分支:git merge dev

(fast-forward 快进模式)

删除分支:git branch -d dev


解决冲突(分支名字fea)

冲突原因:master和Dev同时增长。

git checkout -b fea

(修改Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.)

git add read.txt

git commit -m "fea"

git checkout master

(修改Creating a new branch is quick & simple.)

git addread.txt

git commit -m "master"

(此时形成了master和fea各自指着一个分支)

git merge fea

(合并错误,git status , cat read.txt可以查看)

(修改read.txt的文本内容 Creating a new branch is quick and simple.)

git add read.txt

git commit -m “conf”

(现在master和fea指向同一个人点了,git log可查看合并情况)

git branch -d fea


分支管理策略(--no-ff)(分支名字dev 文件名字read.txt)

git checkout -b dev

git add read.txt

git commit -m "dev"

git checkout master

(注意下个参数--no-ff,表示禁用fast forward)

(fast forward合并看不出曾经做过合并,而--no-ff参数合并后的历史有分支,negative看出曾经做过合并)

git merge --no-ff -m "merge with --no-ff" dev

(查看分支历史 git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit)


bug分支(bugg分支为要解决bug的分支)

思想:当手头还有工作时,先将工作现场git stash(避免bug修复好后将为完成的工作一起提交),然后修复bug、提交之后,在用git stash pop将原来的工作显示在工作区 。

(git status查看状态)

git stash

git checkout -b bugg

(修改bug后)

git add bugg.txt

git commit -m "fixed bug"

git checkout master

git merge --no-ff -m "merge bug" bugg

git branch -d bugg

(接下来回到dev上继续工作)

git checkout dev

(查看工作区git status)

(用git stash list查看)

git stash list

(恢复的第一种方法:恢复的同时把stash内容同时删除)

git stash pop

(恢复的第二种方法:恢复的同时不删除stash内容)

git stash apply

(若使用第二种方法想删除stash则用git stash drop)

(若是多个文件stash 可用git stash apply stash@{0}恢复指定的stash)


feature分支(分支为dev)

(在没完全完成合并时强行删除)

git branch -D dev


多人协作

(查看远程库信息)

git remote

(查看远程库更详细信息)

git remote -v

推送dev分支

git push origin dev

抓取分支

(克隆)

git clone [email protected]:TaylorApril/test.git

(查看能见分支 git branch)

(在dev分支上开发,创建远程origin的dev分支到本地)

git checkout -b dev origin/dev

(修改后,进行提交)

git commit -m "add"

git push origin dev

(在他提交之后你再push的情况时)

(指定本地dev分支与远程origin分支链接)

git branch

git pull

git commit -m "fixed"

git push



报错

报错1

$ git push -u origin master

To [email protected]:TaylorApril/test.git

! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)

error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:TaylorApril/test.git'

hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do

hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing

hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes

hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.

hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

解决:

git pull --rebase origin master

git push -u origin master


报错2

$ git checkout master

Switched to branch 'master'

Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.

(use "git push" to publish your local commits)

解决:

git push

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