1、嵌套
1.1 字典列表
alien_0={'color':'green','points':5}
alien_1={'color':'yellow','points':10}
alien_2={'color':'red','points':15}
aliens=[alien_0,alien_1,alien_2] //列表元素成员时字典
for alien in aliens:
print(alien)
-->{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}
{'color': 'yellow', 'points': 10}
{'color': 'red', 'points': 15}
1.2 在字典中存储列表
pizza={
'crust':'thick',
'toppings':['mushrooms','extra cheese'], //该值为列表
}
print("You ordered a "+pizza['crust']+"-crust pizza"+"with the following toppings:")
for topping in pizza['toppings']: //for循环键值列表
print("\t"+topping)
-->You ordered a thick-crust pizzawith the following toppings:
mushrooms
extra cheese
注意：列表和字典的嵌套层级不应太多。如果嵌套层级比前面的示例多得多，很可能有更简单的解决问题的方案。
1.3 在字典中存储字典
users={
'aeinstein':{ //用户信息也是字典
'first':'albert',
'last':'einstein',
'location':'princeton'
},
'mcurie':{ //同理
'first':'marie',
'last':'curie',
'location':'paris'
},
}
for username,user_info in users.items(): //该user字典包含两个键
print("\nUsername: "+username) //键
full_name=user_info['first']+" "+user_info['last'] //值
location=user_info['location'] //值
print("\tFull_name: "+full_name.title())
print("location: "+location.title())
-->Username: aeinstein
Full_name: Albert Einstein
location: Princeton
Username: mcurie
Full_name: Marie Curie
location: Paris
2、用户输入和while循环
首先设置Sublime实现终端交互，参考博客：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36892106/article/details/80079074
2.1 使用input()函数
name=input("Please enter your name: ")
print("Hello "+name+"!")
-->Please enter your name: Eric //从终端键入，然后按Enter键
Hello Eric!
2.2 使用int()来获取数值输入
>>> age=input("How old are you? ")
How old are you? 21
>>> age=int(age)
>>> age>=18
True
注意：将数值用于计算和比较前，务必将其转换为数值表示
2.3 求模运算
>>> 7%3
1
3、使用while循环来处理列表和字典
3.1 在列表之间移动元素
unconfirmed_uesrs=['alice','brian','candace']
confirmed_users=[]
while unconfirmed_uesrs: //列表不空时循环
current_users=unconfirmed_uesrs.pop()
print("Verifing user:"+current_users.title())
confirmed_users.append(current_users)
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for c in confirmed_users:
print(c.title())
-->Verifing user:Candace
Verifing user:Brian
Verifing user:Alice
The following users have been confirmed:
Candace
Brian
Alice
3.2 删除包含特定值的所有列表元素
pets=['dog','cat','dog','goldfish','cat','rabbit','cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets: //条件循环
pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)
-->['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit']
4、函数
4.1 定义函数
def greet_user(): // 使用def定义函数，定义以冒号结尾
print("Hello!")
greet_user()
-->Hello!
4.2 向函数传递信息
def greet_user(username): //函数定义中包含形参username
print("Hello, "+username.title()+"!")
greet_user('mike') //函数调用包含实参'mike'
-->Hello, Mike!