循序渐进PostgreSQL: 实现PostgreSQL自启动
在手动安装（针对源码编译PG或者是解压缩版安装PG的情形）情况下，PG并不是在开机的情况下自动启动，在关机的情况下自动停止，作为DBA人员来说，显然这样的情形是无法接受的。
1. windows下的服务自启动
在Windows下， 可以使用pg_ctl命令生成PostgreSQL服务，并让它自启动。实际上，安装版本也是这么做的。 我们不妨看看pg_ctl命令的详细帮助先：
D:\pg921>pg_ctl --help
pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server.
Usage:
pg_ctl init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o "OPTIONS"]
pg_ctl start [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o "OPTIONS"]
pg_ctl stop [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]
pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]
[-o "OPTIONS"]
pg_ctl reload [-D DATADIR] [-s]
pg_ctl status [-D DATADIR]
pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-s]
pg_ctl kill SIGNALNAME PID
pg_ctl register [-N SERVICENAME] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-D DATADIR]
[-S START-TYPE] [-w] [-t SECS] [-o "OPTIONS"]
pg_ctl unregister [-N SERVICENAME]
Common options:
-D, --pgdata=DATADIR location of the database storage area
-s, --silent only print errors, no informational messages
-t, --timeout=SECS seconds to wait when using -w option
-V, --version output version information, then exit
-w wait until operation completes
-W do not wait until operation completes
-?, --help show this help, then exit
(The default is to wait for shutdown, but not for start or restart.)
If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used.
Options for start or restart:
-c, --core-files not applicable on this platform
-l, --log=FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME
-o OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres
(PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb
-p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary
Options for stop or restart:
-m, --mode=MODE MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate"
Shutdown modes are:
smart quit after all clients have disconnected
fast quit directly, with proper shutdown
immediate quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart
Allowed signal names for kill:
ABRT HUP INT QUIT TERM USR1 USR2
Options for register and unregister:
-N SERVICENAME service name with which to register PostgreSQL server
-P PASSWORD password of account to register PostgreSQL server
-U USERNAME user name of account to register PostgreSQL server
-S START-TYPE service start type to register PostgreSQL server
Start types are:
auto start service automatically during system startup (default)
demand start service on demand
Report bugs to . 如：
D:\pg921>pg_ctl register -N pg921 -D d:\pg921\data -S auto -w -t 10 -l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log -o "-p 5433"
此命令，即是要生成一个服务：pg921, 启动方式： -S auto, 自启动，如果想生成手动启动，就用-S demand来指定。
-t 10，意指等待10秒钟, 实际上可以设定的长一些(在生产环境中).
-l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log， 指定生成的日志文件的位置。
-o "-p 5433", 将服务端口号改为5433。
验证一下上述命令生成的效果：
D:\pg921>net start pg921
The pg921 service is starting.
The pg921 service was started successfully.
D:\pg921>psql -p 5433 iihero
psql (9.2.1)
Type "help" for help.
iihero=# \q
2. Linux下的服务自启动
在Linux下，我们需要写一个自启动的脚本，至少支持两个命令选项： start 和 stop，并将这个脚本建立适当的链接。我们就以Ubuntu10为例，
先看看系统有没有chkconfig命令工具：
xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ chkconfig
程序“chkconfig”尚未安装。 您可以使用以下命令安装：
sudo apt-get install chkconfig
xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ sudo apt-get install chkconfig
脚本内容如下： 放入目录/etc/init.d目录下边
#! /bin/sh
# Installation prefix
prefix=/home/xionghe/pgsql
# Data directory
PGDATA="/home/xionghe/pgsql/data"
# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")
PGUSER=xionghe
# Where to keep a log file
PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"
# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the
# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because
# of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_ADJ value to
# -17 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably want
# to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0", so that individual backends
# can still be killed by the OOM killer.
#OOM_ADJ=-17
## STOP EDITING HERE
# The path that is to be used for the script
PATH=/home/xionghe/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait
# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.
# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)
DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"
# What to use to shut down the postmaster
PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"
set -e
# Only start if we can find the postmaster.
test -x $DAEMON ||
{
echo "$DAEMON not found"
if [ "$1" = "stop" ]
then exit 0
else exit 5
fi
}
# Parse command line parameters.
case $1 in
start)
echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "
test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
echo "ok"
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"
echo "ok"
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"
test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
echo "ok"
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"
echo "ok"
;;
status)
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"
;;
*)
# Print help
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
建立相应链接：
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc0.d/K02postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc1.d/K02postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc2.d/K02postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc3.d/K98postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc4.d/K98postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc5.d/K98postgresql