数据准备
- model.py
class Car(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name='车名')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='价格')
brand = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='品牌')
class Meta:
db_table = 'api_car'
verbose_name = '汽车表'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
- admin.py
admin.site.register(models.Car)
- serializers.py
class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Car
fields = ['name', 'price', 'brand']
- views.py
# Car的群查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
- urls.py
url(r'^cars/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),
搜索过滤组件
- views.py
搜索组件使用方法:路由后缀加 /?search=1 (name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出来)
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
# 第一步:drf的SearchFilter - 搜索过滤
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer #自定义认证
# 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
filter_backends = [SearchFilter]
# 第三步:SearchFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?search=...
search_fields = ['name', 'price'] #筛选字段
# eg:/cars/?search=1,name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出
排序过滤组件
- views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
# 第一步:drf的OrderingFilter - 排序过滤
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]
# 第三步:OrderingFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?ordering=...
ordering_fields = ['pk', 'price']
# eg:/cars/?ordering=-price,pk,先按price降序,如果出现price相同,再按pk升序
基础分页组件
- paginations.py
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
# ?page=页码 定义代表页码的属性,如果写pages,就是?pages=页码
page_query_param = 'page'
# ?page=页码 设置默认下一页显示的条数
page_size = 3
# ?page=页码&page_size=条数 用户自定义一页显示的条数
page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
# 用户自定义一页显示的条数最大限制:数值超过5也只显示5条
max_page_size = 5
- views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
# 如果queryset没有过滤条件,就必须 .all(),不然分页会出问题
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义,继承drf提供的分页类即可
pagination_class = pagenations.MyPageNumberPagination
#eg:/cars/ 显示第一页三条
/cars/?page=2&page_size=4 每页显示4条,显示第二页的4条
偏移分页组件
- paginations.py
from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination
class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
# ?offset=从头偏移的条数&limit=要显示的条数
limit_query_param = 'limit'
offset_query_param = 'offset'
# ?不传offset和limit默认显示前3条,只设置offset就是从偏移位往后再显示3条
default_limit = 3
# ?limit可以自定义一页显示的最大条数
max_limit = 5
#eg:/cars/?offset=1&limit=4 往后偏移一位,然后往后数四个数据
# 只使用limit结合ordering可以实现排行前几或后几
#?ordering=-price&limit=2 价格降序,取最前面两条数据
- views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
# 如果queryset没有过滤条件,就必须 .all(),不然分页会出问题
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义,继承drf提供的分页类即可
pagination_class = pagenations.MyLimitOffsetPagination
游标分页组件
- paginations.py
# 注:必须基于排序规则下进行分页
# 1)如果接口配置了OrderingFilter过滤器,那么url中必须传ordering
# 1)如果接口没有配置OrderingFilter过滤器,一定要在分页类中声明ordering按某个字段进行默认排序
from rest_framework.pagination import CursorPagination
class MyCursorPagination(CursorPagination):
cursor_query_param = 'cursor'
page_size = 3
page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
max_page_size = 5
ordering = '-pk'
- views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
# 如果queryset没有过滤条件,就必须 .all(),不然分页会出问题
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义,继承drf提供的分页类即可
pagination_class = pagenations.MyCursorPagination
自定义过滤器
- filters.py
# 自定义过滤器,接口:?limit=显示的条数
class LimitFilter:
def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
# 前台固定用 ?limit=... 传递过滤参数
limit = request.query_params.get('limit')
if limit:
limit = int(limit)
return queryset[:limit]
return queryset
- views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
# 如果queryset没有过滤条件,就必须 .all(),不然分页会出问题
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
filter_backends = [LimitFilter]
- 接口:/?limit=5 显示5条数据
过滤器插件:django-filter
- 安装
pip install django-filter
- 过滤条件层:application/filters.py
# django-filter插件过滤器类
from django_filters.rest_framework.filterset import FilterSet
from . import models
## 自定义过滤字段
from django_filters import filters
class CarFilterSet(FilterSet):
min_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='price', lookup_expr='gte')
max_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='price', lookup_expr='lte')
class Meta:
model = models.Car
fields = ['brand', 'min_price', 'max_price']
# brand是model中存在的字段,一般都是可以用于分组的字段
# min_price、max_price是自定义字段,需要自己自定义过滤条件
- 视图层:views.py
# django-filter插件过滤器
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from .filters import CarFilterSet
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
# django-filter过滤器插件使用
filter_class = CarFilterSet
# 接口:?brand=...&min_price=...&max_price=...
# eg:?brand=宝马&min_price=5&max_price=10 => 5~10间的宝马牌汽车