在现代的软件开发中,学生管理系统是一个常见的应用场景。通过学生管理系统,学校能够方便地管理学生的信息、课程安排和成绩等数据。本文将介绍如何使用Java语言搭建一个学生管理系统的前后端环境,并提供一个简单的示例。
我们需要搭建后端环境来处理前端发送的请求并与数据库进行交互。我们可以使用Java语言搭建后端应用,并选择一个Java Web框架,如Spring Boot或Servlet来处理HTTP请求。同时,还需要选择一个关系型数据库,如MySQL或PostgreSQL,来存储学生和课程等数据。
项目名:day054_sms
pom文件:mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok
yml文件:数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql语句)
启动类
配置类:swagger配置类、跨域配置类
项目名:day054_sms
pom文件:mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.2.5.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target>
<mybatis.starter.version>1.3.2mybatis.starter.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.32mysql.version>
<swagger.version>2.7.0swagger.version>
<pageHelper.starter.version>1.2.5pageHelper.starter.version>
<mapper.starter.version>2.0.2mapper.starter.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.starter.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelpergroupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>${pageHelper.starter.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>${mapper.starter.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2artifactId>
<version>${swagger.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-uiartifactId>
<version>${swagger.version}version>
dependency>
dependencies>
yml文件:数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql语句)
#端口号
server:
port: 8080
#数据源(连接池)
spring:
datasource:
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day054_sms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: '1234'
#javabean与表驼峰映射
mybatis:
configuration:
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
#日志,给com.czxy.mapper包设置自己的日志级别
logging:
level:
com:
czxy:
mapper: debug
启动类
package com.czxy;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; //【注意】tk包下的注解
/**
* @author 桐叔
* @email [email protected]
* @description
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.czxy.mapper") //扫描指定包,将在到Spring容器。取代:@org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper 【注意】扫描和@Mapper不能同时使用
public class SmsApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SmsApplication.class, args);
}
}
create database day054_sms;
use day054_sms;
CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
`u_id` VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL COMMENT '用户编号',
`user_name` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
`password` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
`gender` BIT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别,1表示男,0表示女',
`image` VARCHAR(300) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '头像图片'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u001','jack','1234',1,'https://wpimg.wallstcn.com/f778738c-e4f8-4870-b634-56703b4acafe.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u002','rose','1234',0,'https://wpimg.wallstcn.com/f778738c-e4f8-4870-b634-56703b4acafe.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u003','tom','1234',1,'https://wpimg.wallstcn.com/f778738c-e4f8-4870-b634-56703b4acafe.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
CREATE TABLE `tb_teacher` (
`tid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '老师姓名',
`type` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '老师类型:1.授课老师、2.助理老师、3.辅导员老师'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (1,'梁桐老师',1);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (2,'马坤老师',2);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (3,'仲燕老师',3);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (4,'袁新奇老师',1);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (5,'任林达老师',2);
INSERT INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (6,'王珊珊老师',3);
CREATE TABLE `tb_class` (
`cid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '班级名称',
`teacher1_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '授课老师',
`teacher2_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '助理老师',
`teacher3_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '辅导员老师'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (1,'Java56',1,2,3);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (2,'Java78',1,2,3);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (3,'Java12',4,5,6);
INSERT INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (4,'Java34',4,5,6);
CREATE TABLE tb_city(
c_id VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '城市ID',
city_name VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '城市名称' ,
parent_id VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '父ID'
);
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320000','江苏省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140000','山西省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130000','河北省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320100','南京市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320102','玄武区','320100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320103','白下区','320100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321300','宿迁市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321322','沭阳县','321300');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321323','泗阳县','321300');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140100','太原市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140106','迎泽区','140100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140108','尖草坪区','140100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140800','运城市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140823','闻喜县','140800');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140828','夏 县','140800');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130100','石家庄市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130127','高邑县','130100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130185','鹿泉市','130100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131000','廊坊市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131003','广阳区','131000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131022','固安县','131000');
CREATE TABLE `tb_student` (
`s_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生ID',
`sname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
`age` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
`birthday` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
`gender` CHAR(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
`c_id` INT DEFAULT NULL,
`city_ids` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市:320000,321300,321322'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (1,'赵三33',21,'2001-01-17 00:00:00','1',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (2,'钱四444',1900,'2001-05-16 00:00:00','1',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (3,'孙五56',189,'2022-03-15 00:00:00','0',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (4,'张三',20,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (5,'xxx',18,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'140000,140800,140823');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (6,'123',18,'2020-11-01 00:00:00','0',3,'130000,130100,130127');
INSERT INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (7,'xx',18,'2020-11-02 00:00:00','0',1,'130000,131000,131003');
CREATE TABLE `tb_course` (
`c_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '课程ID',
`cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
`desc` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程描述'
);
INSERT INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (1,'Java基础','JavaSE所有课程');
INSERT INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (2,'JavaWeb','Java Web 所有课程');
INSERT INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (3,'SSM','Spring Mvc、Spring、MyBatis所有课程');
CREATE TABLE `tb_student_course` (
`s_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '学生ID',
`c_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '课程ID',
`score` DOUBLE DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,3,NULL);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,3,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,1,80);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,2,NULL);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,3,90);
首先,我们需要搭建前端环境来实现用户界面和交互。在本教程中,我们选择使用Vue.js作为前端框架来构建学生管理系统的前端应用。首先,确保已安装Node.js和npm(Node包管理器)。
安装
配置
import Vue from 'vue'
// 2 element ui
// 2.1 导入element ui的所有组件
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
// 2.2 导入组件配套的css样式
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
// 1.1 导入axios
import axios from 'axios'
// 1.2 设置访问路径前缀(baseURL)
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080'
// 1.3 设置到vue中,方便访问
Vue.prototype.$http = axios
// 2.3 将element 所有组件应用到vue环境中
Vue.use(ElementUI);
测试
Header
Aside
Main
修改Login.vue页面,暂时提供模板
登录页面
班级管理
班级列表
添加班级
学生管理
学生列表
添加学生
当前路由配置的子路由,称为二级路由。二级路由可以显示当前路由所设置的路由视图中。
配置二级路由
const routes = [
{
path: '/',
name: '首页',
component: () => import('../views/Home.vue'),
children: [
{
path: '/classesList',
name: '班级列表',
component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesList.vue')
},
{
path: '/classesAdd',
name: '添加班级',
component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesAdd.vue')
},
{
path: '/studentList',
name: '学生列表',
component: () => import('../views/student/StudentList.vue')
},
{
path: '/studentAdd',
name: '添加学生',
component: () => import('../views/student/StudentAdd.vue')
}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
name: '登录页面',
component: () => import('../views/Login.vue')
}
]
编写二级路由显示视图
创建对应页面
通过本文,我们介绍了如何搭建学生管理系统的前后端环境。前端环境使用Vue.js作为主要的前端框架,并通过Vue CLI工具创建和管理项目。后端环境使用Java语言,借助Spring Boot和Spring Data JPA搭建Web应用并与数据库进行交互。