Python 时间日期处理库函数

标准库

datetime

>>> import datetime
>>> date = datetime.date(2023, 12, 20)
>>> print(date)
2023-12-20
>>> date = datetime.datetime(2023, 12, 20)
>>> print(date)
2023-12-20 00:00:00
>>> print(date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
2023-12-20
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> print(today)
2023-12-20
>>> today.strftime('%A')
'Wednesday'
>>> today.weekday()
2  # 0代表星期天，1代表星期一，以此类推
>>> today.isoweekday()
3 # 1代表星期一，以此类推，7代表星期天
>>> datetime.date(2023, 12, 24).weekday()
6
>>> datetime.date(2023, 12, 24).isoweekday()
7

---

dateutil

>>> from dateutil import parser
>>> date = '2023-12-20'
>>> parser.parse(date)
datetime.datetime(2023, 12, 20, 0, 0)
>>> parser.parse(date).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
'2023-12-20'
>>> parser.parse(date).strftime('%A')
'Wednesday'
>>> parser.parse(date).weekday()
2

---

calendar

>>> import calendar
>>> calendar.weekday(2023, 12, 20)
2

附： 日期时间常用的格式

• %Y：四位数的年份（例如2023）
• %y：两位数的年份（例如23）
• %m：两位数的月份（01到12）
• %d：两位数的日期（01到31）
• %H：24小时制的小时数（00到23）
• %I：12小时制的小时数（01到12）
• %M：两位数的分钟数（00到59）
• %S：两位数的秒数（00到59）
• %f：微秒数（000000到999999）
• %p：AM或PM
• %A：完整的星期名称（例如Monday星期一）
• %a：简写的星期名称（例如Mon星期一）
• %B：完整的月份名称（例如January一月）
• %b：简写的月份名称（例如Jan一月）
• %c：日期和时间，使用系统默认的格式
• %x：日期，使用系统默认的格式
• %X：时间，使用系统默认的格式
• %Z：时区名称或缩写

第三方库

arrow

安装： pip install arrow

>>> import arrow
>>> arrow.Arrow(2023, 12, 20)

>>> arrow.Arrow(2023, 12, 20, 20, 30)

>>> arrow.utcnow()

>>> arrow.utcnow().ctime()
'Wed Dec 20 13:03:48 2023'
>>> arrow.utcnow().date()
datetime.date(2023, 12, 20)
>>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
>>> arw.dehumanize("2 days ago")

>>> import arrow
>>> arrow.Arrow(2023, 12, 20)

>>> arrow.Arrow(2023, 12, 20, 20, 30)

>>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
>>> arw

>>> arw.dehumanize("2 days ago")

>>> arw.dehumanize("in a month")

>>> arw.format('YYYY-MM-DD')
'2023-12-20'
>>> arw.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ')
'2023-12-20 13:05:46 +00:00'
>>> arw.format()
'2023-12-20 13:05:46+00:00'
>>> arw.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm')
'2023-12-20 13:05'
>>> arw.isocalendar()
datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2023, week=51, weekday=3)
>>> arw.isoformat()
'2023-12-20T13:05:46.025519+00:00'
>>> arw.isoweekday()
3
>>> arw.weekday()
2
>>> arw.replace(year=2024, month=6)

>>> arw.replace(year=2024, month=6).format('YYYY-MM-DD')
'2024-06-20'
>>> arw.shift(days=4)

>>> arw.shift(days=-2)

>>> arw.time()
datetime.time(13, 5, 46, 25519)
>>> arw.timetuple()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2023, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=20, tm_hour=13, tm_min=5, tm_sec=46, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=354, tm_isdst=0)

时间段分割 .range()

>>> import arrow
>>> start = arrow.Arrow(2023, 12, 10, 12, 30)
>>> end = arrow.Arrow(2023, 12, 20, 6, 30)
>>> for r in arrow.Arrow.range('day', start, end):
    print(r)
2023-12-10T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-13T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-14T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-15T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-16T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-17T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-18T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-19T12:30:00+00:00
>>> end = arrow.Arrow(2023, 12, 12, 6, 30)
>>> for r in arrow.Arrow.range('hour', start, end):
    print(r)
2023-12-10T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T13:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T14:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T15:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T16:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T17:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T18:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T19:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T20:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T21:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T22:30:00+00:00
2023-12-10T23:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T00:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T01:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T02:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T03:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T04:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T05:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T06:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T07:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T08:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T09:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T10:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T11:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T12:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T13:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T14:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T15:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T16:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T17:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T18:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T19:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T20:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T21:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T22:30:00+00:00
2023-12-11T23:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T00:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T01:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T02:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T03:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T04:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T05:30:00+00:00
2023-12-12T06:30:00+00:00

---

pendulum

还有一个时间处理库 ，内容更加丰富有空再研究研究。

NAME
    pendulum

PACKAGE CONTENTS
    __version__
    _helpers
    _pendulum
    constants
    date
    datetime
    day
    duration
    exceptions
    formatting (package)
    helpers
    interval
    locales (package)
    mixins (package)
    parser
    parsing (package)
    testing (package)
    time
    tz (package)
    utils (package)

CLASSES
    builtins.object
        pendulum.formatting.formatter.Formatter
    datetime.date(builtins.object)
        pendulum.date.Date(pendulum.mixins.default.FormattableMixin, datetime.date)
            pendulum.datetime.DateTime(datetime.datetime, pendulum.date.Date)
    datetime.datetime(datetime.date)
        pendulum.datetime.DateTime(datetime.datetime, pendulum.date.Date)
    datetime.time(builtins.object)
        pendulum.time.Time(pendulum.mixins.default.FormattableMixin, datetime.time)
    datetime.timedelta(builtins.object)
        pendulum.duration.Duration
            pendulum.interval.Interval
    datetime.tzinfo(builtins.object)
        pendulum.tz.timezone.FixedTimezone(datetime.tzinfo, pendulum.tz.timezone.PendulumTimezone)
    enum.IntEnum(builtins.int, enum.ReprEnum)
        pendulum.day.WeekDay
    pendulum.mixins.default.FormattableMixin(builtins.object)
        pendulum.date.Date(pendulum.mixins.default.FormattableMixin, datetime.date)
            pendulum.datetime.DateTime(datetime.datetime, pendulum.date.Date)
        pendulum.time.Time(pendulum.mixins.default.FormattableMixin, datetime.time)
    pendulum.tz.timezone.PendulumTimezone(abc.ABC)
        pendulum.tz.timezone.FixedTimezone(datetime.tzinfo, pendulum.tz.timezone.PendulumTimezone)
        pendulum.tz.timezone.Timezone(zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, pendulum.tz.timezone.PendulumTimezone)
    zoneinfo.ZoneInfo(datetime.tzinfo)
        pendulum.tz.timezone.Timezone(zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, pendulum.tz.timezone.PendulumTimezone)