第十六题
The following is a small C program split across files. What do you expect the output to be, when both of them compiled together and run? File1.c int arr[80]; File2.c extern int *arr; int main() { arr[1] = 100; return 0; }
题目讲解:
编译完运行发生段错。
File1.c中声明的是个数组,File2.c中声明的是个指针,虽然名字一样,但俩arr处于不同的内存地址,Flie2.c中的arr==NULL,对0地址操作是非法的。
将File2.c中的”extern int *arr;”改为”extern int arr[80];”就可以了。
第十七题
Explain the output of the following C program (No, the output is not 20). #include<stdio.h>
int main() { int a=1; switch(a) { int b=20; case 1: printf("b is %d\n",b); break; default:printf("b is %d\n",b); break; } return 0; }
题目讲解:
输出:b is 0
switch判断后直接跳转到相应的case/default处,不会执行之前的赋值语句。
第十八题
What is the output of the following program? (Again, it is not 40, (if the size of integer is 4)). #define SIZE 10
void size(int arr[SIZE]) { printf("size of array is:%d\n",sizeof(arr)); } int main() { int arr[SIZE]; size(arr); return 0; }
题目讲解:
数组做参数传递时退化为指针,“void size(int arr[SIZE]) ”等价于“void size(int *arr) ”。size(arr)给size函数传入的参数是指针,所以sizeof(arr)是指针的大小。
第十九题
The following is a simple c program, in which there is a function called Error to display errors. Can you see a potential problem with the way Error is defined? #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h>
void Error(char* s) { printf(s); return; } int main() { int *p; p = malloc(sizeof(int)); if(p == NULL) { Error("Could not allocate the memory\n"); Error("Quitting....\n"); exit(1); } else { /*some stuff to use p*/ } return 0; }
题目讲解:
网上搜了下,没有统一的解释,说说个人的理解。
Google “void Error(char* s)”,发现如下几种打印字符串的方式:
方式1: void error(char *msg) { fprintf(stderr, msg); } 方式2: void error(char *msg) { printf(msg); fflush(stdout); } 方式3: void error(char *msg) { puts(msg); }
根据第四题的解释我们知道,stdout是行缓冲,只有遇到’\n’,缓冲区的内容才会打印出来,stderr是无缓冲,写向stderr的内容
可以立马打印出来。所以我推断,题目中的Error函数的隐患是,若传进去的字符串不带’\n’,该错误消息就不会立马打印出来,
直到遇到’\n’,或人为fflush(stdout),或缓冲区溢出,或进程退出才会把缓冲区内的错误消息打印出来。
第二十题
What is the differnce between the following function calls to scanf?(Please notice the space carefully in the second call. Try removing it and observe the behaviour of the program) #include <stdio.h>
int main() { char c; scanf("%c",&c); printf("%c\n",c); scanf(" %c",&c); printf("%c\n",c); return 0; }
题目讲解:
当第二个scanf没有空白符时,运行代码,输入a,回车后,会打印a,换行,换行,然后程序结束,字符’a’被第一个scanf读取,字符’\n’被第二个scanf读取;
当第二个scanf有空白符时,运行代码,输入a,回车,输出a,若继续敲回车,程序不结束,直到输入了字符(非换行符)后,打印该字符,程序结束。
C99的7.19.6.2第五条说,包含空白符的指令读取输入中的第一个非空白字符。
A directive composed of white-space character(s) is executed by reading input up to
the first non-white-space character (which remains unread), or until no more characters
can be read.