第三十八题
What is the bug in the following program? #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #define SIZE 15 int main() { int *a, i; a = malloc(SIZE*sizeof(int)); for (i=0; i<SIZE; i++) *(a + i) = i * i; for (i=0; i<SIZE; i++) printf("%d\n", *a++); free(a); return 0; }
题目讲解:
printf打印栈中值时,a的值被改变,所以最后free(a)中a的值并不是之前分配的栈的起始地址。
第三十九题
Is the following a valid C program? If so, what is the output of it? #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a=3, b = 5; printf(&a["Ya!Hello! how is this? %s\n"], &b["junk/super"]); printf(&a["WHAT%c%c%c %c%c %c !\n"], 1["this"], 2["beauty"],0["tool"],0["is"],3["sensitive"],4["CCCCCC"]); return 0; }
知识点讲解:
对于数组中的元素,最常见的表示方法是:地址[偏移],如a[0],a[1],a[2]。
还有一种不常见的表示方法是:偏移[地址],如0[a],1[a],2[a]。
举例:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int a[] = {0, 1, 2}; printf(“%d, %d, %d\n”, 0[a], 1[a], 2[a]); return 0; }
运行结果为:0, 1, 2
printf(“%d, %d, %d\n”, 0[a], 1[a], 2[a]);
等效于
printf(“%d, %d, %d\n”, a[0], a[1], a[2]);
题目讲解:
printf(&a["Ya!Hello! how is this? %s\n"], &b["junk/super"]);
等效于
printf("Hello! how is this? %s\n", "super");
printf(&a["WHAT%c%c%c %c%c %c !\n"], 1["this"], 2["beauty"],0["tool"],0["is"],3["sensitive"],4["CCCCCC"]);
等效于
printf("T%c%c%c %c%c %c !\n", ‘h’,‘a’,’t’,’i’,’s’,’C’);
第四十题
What is the output of the following, if the input provided is: Life is beautiful #include <stdio.h> int main() { char dummy[80]; printf("Enter a string:\n"); scanf("%[^a]",dummy); printf("%s\n",dummy); return 0; }
知识点讲解:
scanf格式控制符:
%[...]:读取字符串,直到遇到不是[]中的字符;
%[^...]:读取字符串,直到遇到[]中的字符。
如:
scanf("%[a-z]",dummy);输入为”abc123”时,dummy为”abc”;
scanf("%[^a-z]",dummy);输入为”123abc”时,dummy为”123”;
题目讲解:
“%[^a]”表示读取字符串,直到遇到字符’a’。所以当输入为”Life is beautiful”时,dummy为”Life is be”。
第四十一题
Note : This question has more to do with Linker than C language We have three files a.c, b.c and main.c respectively as follows: a.c --- int a; b.c --- int a = 10; main.c ------ extern int a; int main() { printf("a = %d\n",a); return 0; } Let's see what happens, when the files are compiled together: bash$ gcc a.c b.c main.c bash$ ./a.out a = 10 Hmm!! no compilation/linker error!!! Why is it so??
知识点讲解:
参考《C陷阱与缺陷》第67页 4.2 申明与定义。
若一个文件中定义int a,另一个文件中定义int a,编译不会有问题,编译器将a初始化为0;
若一个文件中定义int a,另一个文件中定义int a=10,a的值为10;
若一个文件中定义int a=1,另一个文件中定义int a=10,编译会有重复定义的错误。
第四十二题
The following is the offset macros which is used many a times. Figure out what is it trying to do and what is the advantage of using it. #define offsetof(a,b) ((int)(&(((a*)(0))->b)))
知识点讲解:
计算结构体成员变量在结构体中的偏移。a为结构体类型,b为成员变量。
第四十三题
The following is the macro implementation of the famous, Triple xor swap. #define SWAP(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b)) What are the potential problems with the above macro?
知识点讲解:
参考博文:http://www.cnblogs.com/tanghuimin0713/p/3220665.html的评论。
此方法有如下局限:
1)a和b不能是同一个变量,即如果执行SWAP(a, a)那么不管原来a值是多少,执行后a值被置为0;
2)a和b不能是浮点数,异或操作对浮点数没有意义;
3)a和b不能是结体体等复合数据类型,原因同上;
4)a或b不能是表达式;
第四十四题
What is the use of the following macro? #define DPRINTF(x) printf("%s:%d\n",#x,x)
题目讲解:
打印x的值。
如a=10,DPRINTF(a)的结果为“a:10“。
第四十五题
Let's say you were asked to code a function IAddOverFlow which takes three parameters, pointer to an integer where the result is to be stored, and the two integers which needs to be added. It returns 0 if there is an overflow and 1 otherwise: int IAddOverFlow(int* result,int a,int b) { /* ... */ } So, how do you code the above function? (To put in a nutshell, what is the logic you use for overflow detection?)
题目讲解:
检测溢出的方法参考:http://www.fefe.de/intof.html