hyperf 十八 数据库 一

教程地址：Hyperf

一、安装

1.1 hyperf框架

composer require hyperf/db-connection

1.2 其他框架

composer require hyperf/database

二、配置

配置项	类型	默认值	备注
driver	string	无	数据库引擎
host	string	无	数据库地址
database	string	无	数据库默认 DB
username	string	无	数据库用户名
password	string	null	数据库密码
charset	string	utf8	数据库编码
collation	string	utf8_unicode_ci	数据库编码
prefix	string	''	数据库模型前缀
timezone	string	null	数据库时区
pool.min_connections	int	1	连接池内最少连接数
pool.max_connections	int	10	连接池内最大连接数
pool.connect_timeout	float	10.0	连接等待超时时间
pool.wait_timeout	float	3.0	超时时间
pool.heartbeat	int	-1	心跳
pool.max_idle_time	float	60.0	最大闲置时间
options	array		PDO 配置

 options相关pdo文档：PHP: PDO - Manual

三、多库配置、读写分离、原生查询、sql输出

 由于hyperf/database 衍生于 illuminate/database 。

illuminate/database多库配置和读写分离参考illuminate/database 使用 四-CSDN博客  ；原生查询和sql输出参考illuminate/database 使用 五-CSDN博客 。

3.1 原生查询-事务

3.1.1 自动管理数据库事务

                根据文档描述：如果事务的闭包 Closure 中出现一个异常，事务将会回滚。如果事务闭包 Closure 执行成功，事务将自动提交。

                确实比手动方便，但是还得查下报错怎么处理。

                根据之前文章，应该明白Illuminate\Database中调用顺序，即从Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager最后会调用到Illuminate\Database\Connectionl。Connectionl中调用Concerns\ManagesTransactions类。transaction()方法在ManagesTransactions类中被调用。

                源码如下

trait ManagesTransactions
{
    /**
     * Execute a Closure within a transaction.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @param  int  $attempts
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Throwable
     */
    public function transaction(Closure $callback, $attempts = 1)
    {
        for ($currentAttempt = 1; $currentAttempt <= $attempts; $currentAttempt++) {
            $this->beginTransaction();

            // We'll simply execute the given callback within a try / catch block and if we
            // catch any exception we can rollback this transaction so that none of this
            // gets actually persisted to a database or stored in a permanent fashion.
            try {
                $callbackResult = $callback($this);
            }

            // If we catch an exception we'll rollback this transaction and try again if we
            // are not out of attempts. If we are out of attempts we will just throw the
            // exception back out and let the developer handle an uncaught exceptions.
            catch (Throwable $e) {
                $this->handleTransactionException(
                    $e, $currentAttempt, $attempts
                );

                continue;
            }

            try {
                if ($this->transactions == 1) {
                    $this->getPdo()->commit();
                }

                $this->transactions = max(0, $this->transactions - 1);

                if ($this->transactions == 0) {
                    optional($this->transactionsManager)->commit($this->getName());
                }
            } catch (Throwable $e) {
                $this->handleCommitTransactionException(
                    $e, $currentAttempt, $attempts
                );

                continue;
            }

            $this->fireConnectionEvent('committed');

            return $callbackResult;
        }
    }
    /**
     * Handle an exception encountered when running a transacted statement.
     *
     * @param  \Throwable  $e
     * @param  int  $currentAttempt
     * @param  int  $maxAttempts
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Throwable
     */
    protected function handleTransactionException(Throwable $e, $currentAttempt, $maxAttempts)
    {
        // On a deadlock, MySQL rolls back the entire transaction so we can't just
        // retry the query. We have to throw this exception all the way out and
        // let the developer handle it in another way. We will decrement too.
        if ($this->causedByConcurrencyError($e) &&
            $this->transactions > 1) {
            $this->transactions--;

            optional($this->transactionsManager)->rollback(
                $this->getName(), $this->transactions
            );

            throw $e;
        }

        // If there was an exception we will rollback this transaction and then we
        // can check if we have exceeded the maximum attempt count for this and
        // if we haven't we will return and try this query again in our loop.
        $this->rollBack();

        if ($this->causedByConcurrencyError($e) &&
            $currentAttempt < $maxAttempts) {
            return;
        }

        throw $e;
    }
/**
     * Handle an exception encountered when committing a transaction.
     *
     * @param  \Throwable  $e
     * @param  int  $currentAttempt
     * @param  int  $maxAttempts
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Throwable
     */
    protected function handleCommitTransactionException(Throwable $e, $currentAttempt, $maxAttempts)
    {
        $this->transactions = max(0, $this->transactions - 1);

        if ($this->causedByConcurrencyError($e) &&
            $currentAttempt < $maxAttempts) {
            return;
        }

        if ($this->causedByLostConnection($e)) {
            $this->transactions = 0;
        }

        throw $e;
    }
    ……
}

如源码所示，闭包执行错误，执行handleTransactionException()方法，处理回滚，并抛出异常。

$this->transactions--大概是处理事务嵌套相关代码。

提交异常，执行handleCommitTransactionException()方法，嵌套事务大概会继续执行，最后抛出异常。

测试代码

function test4()
{
    Capsule::transaction(function () {
        Capsule::table('userinfo')->where(['id' => 1])->update(['votes' => 1]);
    });
}
test4();

 运行结果

Fatal error: Uncaught PDOException: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'votes' in 'field list' in D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\vendor\illuminate\database\Connection.php on line 712

Illuminate\Database\QueryException: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'votes' in 'field list' (SQL: update `userinfo` set `votes` = 1 where (`id` = 1)) in D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\vendor\illuminate\database\Connection.php on line 712

Call Stack:
    0.0009     411368   1. {main}() D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\test.php:0
    0.0208    1925160   2. test4() D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\test.php:119
    0.0208    1925480   3. Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager::transaction(class Closure) D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\test.php:117
    0.0208    1925856   4. Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager::__callStatic(string(11), array(1)) D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\test.php:117
    0.0269    2634512   5. Illuminate\Database\MySqlConnection->transaction(class Closure, ???) D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\vendor\illuminate\database\Capsule\Manager.php:200
    0.0705    3895296   6. Illuminate\Database\MySqlConnection->handleTransactionException(class Illuminate\Database\QueryException, long, long) D:\workspace\php\wj_test\illuminate_database\vendor\illuminate\database\Concerns\ManagesTransactions.php:37

此时update执行Illuminate\Database\Connection::update(),update调用Connection::run()执行,run()通过Connection::runQueryCallback()执行,产生PDO异常，再将PDO异常传递给\Illuminate\Database\QueryException异常。

使用throw 会直接输出异常。

PDOException：PHP: PDOException - Manual

3.1.2 手动管理数据库事务

function test5()
{
    Capsule::beginTransaction();
    try {
        Capsule::table('userinfo')->where(['id' => 1])->update(['votes' => 1]);
        Capsule::commit();
    } catch (\Throwable $th) {
        var_dump($th->getMessage());
        Capsule::rollBack();
    }
}
test5();

 和之前是同样的道理，代码最后执行都是Connectionl类，Connectionl::beginTransaction()、Connectionl::commit()、Connectionl::rollback()，都是Connectionl中调用的ManagesTransactions类中的方法。

例子中Capsule类相当于官网的DB类。

四、构造器

参考

illuminate/database 使用 一-CSDN博客

Hyperf

自己写的博客有涉及一些运行原理，官网的例子比较多。