canal mysql从库_使用Canal作为mysql的数据同步工具

一、Canal介绍

1、应用场景

在前面的统计分析功能中,我们采取了服务调用获取统计数据,这样耦合度高,效率相对较低,目前我采取另一种实现方式,通过实时同步数据库表的方式实现,例如我们要统计每天注册与登录人数,我们只需把会员表同步到统计库中,实现本地统计就可以了,这样效率更高,耦合度更低,Canal就是一个很好的数据库同步工具。canal是阿里巴巴旗下的一款开源项目,纯Java开发。基于数据库增量日志解析,提供增量数据订阅&消费,目前主要支持了MySQL。

2、Canal环境搭建

canal的原理是基于mysql binlog技术,所以这里一定需要开启mysql的binlog写入功能

开启mysql服务: service mysql start (或者 systemctl start mysqld.service)

(1)检查binlog功能是否有开启

mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| log_bin | OFF |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2)如果显示状态为OFF表示该功能未开启,开启binlog功能

1,修改 mysql 的配置文件 my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

追加内容:

log-bin=mysql-bin #binlog文件名

binlog_format=ROW #选择row模式

server_id=1 #mysql实例id,不能和canal的slaveId重复

2,重启 mysql:

service mysql restart

3,登录 mysql 客户端,查看 log_bin 变量

mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| log_bin | ON|

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

————————————————

如果显示状态为ON表示该功能已开启

(3)在mysql里面添加以下的相关用户和权限

CREATE USER 'canal'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'canal';

GRANT SHOW VIEW, SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

3、下载安装Canal服务

下载地址:

(1)下载之后,放到目录中,解压文件

cd /usr/local/canal

canal.deployer-1.1.4.tar.gz

tar zxvf canal.deployer-1.1.4.tar.gz

(2)修改canal的配置文件

vi conf/example/instance.properties #修改这个properties配置文件

#需要改成自己的数据库信息

canal.instance.master.address=192.168.44.132:3306

#需要改成自己的数据库用户名与密码

canal.instance.dbUsername=canal

canal.instance.dbPassword=canal

#需要改成同步的数据库表规则,例如只是同步一下表

#canal.instance.filter.regex=.*\\..*

canal.instance.filter.regex=guli_ucenter.ucenter_member

备注:

mysql 数据解析关注的表,Perl正则表达式.

多个正则之间以逗号(,)分隔,转义符需要双斜杠(\\)

常见例子:

1. 所有表:.* or .*\\..*

2. canal schema下所有表: canal\\..*

3. canal下的以canal打头的表:canal\\.canal.*

4. canal schema下的一张表:canal.test1

5. 多个规则组合使用:canal\\..*,mysql.test1,mysql.test2 (逗号分隔)

注意:此过滤条件只针对row模式的数据有效(ps. mixed/statement因为不解析sql,所以无法准确提取tableName进行过滤)

(3)进入bin目录下启动

sh bin/startup.sh

二、创建canal_client模块

1、在guliedu_parent下创建canal_client模块

canal mysql从库_使用Canal作为mysql的数据同步工具_第1张图片

2、在pom.xml中引入相关依赖

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

mysql

mysql-connector-java

commons-dbutils

commons-dbutils

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-jdbc

com.alibaba.otter

canal.client

3、创建application.properties配置文件

# 服务端口

server.port=10000

# 服务名

spring.application.name=canal-client

# 环境设置:dev、test、prod

spring.profiles.active=dev

# mysql数据库连接

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/guli?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8

spring.datasource.username=root

spring.datasource.password=root

4、编写canal客户端类

import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;

import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;

import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.*;

import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;

import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Queue;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

@Component

public class CanalClient {

//sql队列

private Queue SQL_QUEUE = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();

@Resource

private DataSource dataSource;

/**

* canal入库方法

*/

public void run() {

CanalConnector connector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.44.132",

11111), "example", "", "");

int batchSize = 1000;

try {

connector.connect();

connector.subscribe(".*\\..*");

connector.rollback();

try {

while (true) {

//尝试从master那边拉去数据batchSize条记录,有多少取多少

Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(batchSize);

long batchId = message.getId();

int size = message.getEntries().size();

if (batchId == -1 || size == 0) {

Thread.sleep(1000);

} else {

dataHandle(message.getEntries());

}

connector.ack(batchId);

//当队列里面堆积的sql大于一定数值的时候就模拟执行

if (SQL_QUEUE.size() >= 1) {

executeQueueSql();

}

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

connector.disconnect();

}

}

/**

* 模拟执行队列里面的sql语句

*/

public void executeQueueSql() {

int size = SQL_QUEUE.size();

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

String sql = SQL_QUEUE.poll();

System.out.println("[sql]----> " + sql);

this.execute(sql.toString());

}

}

/**

* 数据处理

*

* @param entrys

*/

private void dataHandle(List entrys) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {

for (Entry entry : entrys) {

if (EntryType.ROWDATA == entry.getEntryType()) {

RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());

EventType eventType = rowChange.getEventType();

if (eventType == EventType.DELETE) {

saveDeleteSql(entry);

} else if (eventType == EventType.UPDATE) {

saveUpdateSql(entry);

} else if (eventType == EventType.INSERT) {

saveInsertSql(entry);

}

}

}

}

/**

* 保存更新语句

*

* @param entry

*/

private void saveUpdateSql(Entry entry) {

try {

RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());

List rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();

for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {

List newColumnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();

StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("update " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " set ");

for (int i = 0; i < newColumnList.size(); i++) {

sql.append(" " + newColumnList.get(i).getName()

+ " = '" + newColumnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");

if (i != newColumnList.size() - 1) {

sql.append(",");

}

}

sql.append(" where ");

List oldColumnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();

for (Column column : oldColumnList) {

if (column.getIsKey()) {

//暂时只支持单一主键

sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());

break;

}

}

SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());

}

} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

* 保存删除语句

*

* @param entry

*/

private void saveDeleteSql(Entry entry) {

try {

RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());

List rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();

for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {

List columnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();

StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("delete from " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " where ");

for (Column column : columnList) {

if (column.getIsKey()) {

//暂时只支持单一主键

sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());

break;

}

}

SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());

}

} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

* 保存插入语句

*

* @param entry

*/

private void saveInsertSql(Entry entry) {

try {

RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());

List rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();

for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {

List columnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();

StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("insert into " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " (");

for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {

sql.append(columnList.get(i).getName());

if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {

sql.append(",");

}

}

sql.append(") VALUES (");

for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {

sql.append("'" + columnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");

if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {

sql.append(",");

}

}

sql.append(")");

SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());

}

} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

* 入库

* @param sql

*/

public void execute(String sql) {

Connection con = null;

try {

if(null == sql) return;

con = dataSource.getConnection();

QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();

int row = qr.execute(con, sql);

System.out.println("update: "+ row);

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

DbUtils.closeQuietly(con);

}

}

}

5、创建启动类

@SpringBootApplication

public class CanalApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

@Resource

private CanalClient canalClient;

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(CanalApplication.class, args);

}

@Override

public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {

//项目启动,执行canal客户端监听

canalClient.run();

}

}

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