Go提供几种方法检查变量的类型,在字符串格式化标识%T, 反射方式:reflect.TypeOf, reflect.ValueOf.Kind,另外还有使用类型断言,switch case方式。下面通过实例分别介绍这四类方法。
使用%T字符串格式化标识是最简单的检查类型方式。%T是fmt包,可以使用fmt.Printf显示变量类型:
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
var count int = 42
var message string = "go find type"
var isCheck bool = true
var amount float32 = 10.2
fmt.Printf("variable count=%v is of type %T \n", count, count)
fmt.Printf("variable message='%v' is of type %T \n", message, message)
fmt.Printf("variable isCheck='%v' is of type %T \n", isCheck, isCheck)
fmt.Printf("variable amount=%v is of type %T \n", amount, amount)
}
//OutPut
variable count=42 is of type int
variable message='go find type' is of type string
variable isCheck='true' is of type bool
variable amount=10.2 is of type float32
如果上述方法没有用,或希望获得类型的更多信息,可以使用reflect包的TypeOf和ValueOf().Kind函数。
如果给TypeOf方法传入变量值,则会返回变量类型。当然也可以传递变量,但也支持直接传递变量值,而不是变量,代码如下:
fmt.Printf("%v", reflect.TypeOf(10))
//int
fmt.Printf("%v", reflect.TypeOf("Go Language"))
//string
下面是不同的变量类型的完整示例:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
)
func main() {
var days int = 42
var typemessage string = "go find type"
var isFound bool = false
var objectValue float32 = 10.2
fmt.Printf("variable days=%v is of type %v \n", days, reflect.TypeOf(days))
fmt.Printf("variable typemessage='%v' is of type %v \n", typemessage, reflect.TypeOf(typemessage))
fmt.Printf("variable isFound='%v' is of type %v \n", isFound, reflect.TypeOf(isFound))
fmt.Printf("variable objectValue=%v is of type %v \n", objectValue, reflect.TypeOf(objectValue))
}
//OUTPUT
variable days=42 is of type int
variable typemessage='go find type' is of type string
variable isCheck='false' is of type bool
variable amount=10.2 is of type float32
variable acounts=Savings is of type string
同样使用ValueOf().Kind()也可以获得变量的类型。 reflect.ValueOf()返回基于传入的变量初始化新值,然后进一步通过Kind方法获得变量类型:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
)
func main() {
var days int = 42
var typemessage string = "go find type"
var isFound bool = false
var objectValue float32 = 10.2
fmt.Printf("variable days=%v is of type %v \n", days, reflect.ValueOf(days).Kind())
fmt.Printf("variable typemessage='%v' is of type %v \n", typemessage, reflect.ValueOf(typemessage).Kind())
fmt.Printf("variable isFound='%v' is of type %v \n", isFound, reflect.ValueOf(isFound).Kind())
fmt.Printf("variable objectValue=%v is of type %v \n", objectValue, reflect.ValueOf(objectValue).Kind())
}
//OUTPUT
variable days=42 is of type int
variable typemessage='go find type' is of type string
variable isCheck='false' is of type bool
variable objectValue=10.2 is of type float32
这种方法的缺点是需要生成新的变量,这可能会增加内存占用。
本节介绍另一种方法是类型断言。下面写一个方法typeofObject进行类型判断:
func typeofObject(variable interface{}) string {
switch variable.(type) {
case int:
return "int"
case float32:
return "float32"
case bool:
return "boolean"
case string:
return "string"
default:
return "unknown"
}
}
fmt.Println("Using type assertions")
fmt.Println(typeofObject(count))
fmt.Println(typeofObject(message))
fmt.Println(typeofObject(isCheck))
fmt.Println(typeofObject(amount))
//OUTPUT
Using type assertions
int
string
boolean
float64
这种方法的优点是可以对类型进行分组,例如,我们可以将所有int32、int64、uint32、uint64类型标识为“int”。
通过上面的方法,我们可以编写自己的方法,实现代码重用:
// Using %T
func typeofObject(variable interface{}) string {
return fmt.Sprintf("%T", variable)
}
// Using reflect.TypeOf()
func typeofObject(variable interface{}) string {
return reflect.TypeOf(variable).String()
}
// Using reflect.ValueOf().Kind()
func typeofObject(variable interface{}) string {
return reflect.ValueOf(variable).Kind().String()
}
下面调用上面方法进行测试:
fmt.Println(typeofObject(count))
fmt.Println(typeofObject(message))
fmt.Println(typeofObject(isCheck))
fmt.Println(typeofObject(amount))
//OUTPUT
Using type assertions
int
string
boolean
float64