1. 什么是微服务?
“微服务”一词来自国外的一篇博文,网站:https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html
如果您不能看懂英文文档,可以跳转到搜简体中文的文档
这是国人翻译的文档,可以学习参考:
引用官方文档解释:
简单来说,微服务架构风格[1]是一种将一个单一应用程序开发为一组小型服务的方法,每个服务运行在自己的进程中,服务间通信采用轻量级通信机制(通常用HTTP资源API)。这些服务围绕业务能力构建并且可通过全自动部署机制独立部署。这些服务共用一个最小型的集中式的管理,服务可用不同的语言开发,使用不同的数据存储技术。
2. 什么是Spring Cloud?
- Spring Cloud是一个分布式的整体解决方案的框架。基于Spring Boot开发。Spring Cloud 为开发者提供了在分布式系统(配置管理,服务发现,负载,网关,消息总线,集群管理,安全管理,分布式锁,分布式事务等等)中快速构建的工具,使用Spring Cloud的开发者可以快速的启动服务或构建应用、同时能够快速和云平台资源进行对接。
3. 什么是Spring Cloud Eureka?
Spring Cloud Eureka 是 Spring Cloud Netflix 微服务套件的一部分,基于 Netflix Eureka 做了二次封装,主要负责实现微服务架构中的服务治理功能。
Spring Cloud Eureka 是一个基于 REST 的服务,并且提供了基于 Java 的客户端组件,能够非常方便地将服务注册到 Spring Cloud Eureka 中进行统一管理。
4. Eureka服务注册中心
Eureka server:创建服务注册中心
环境准备:
- JDK 1.8
- SpringBoot2.2.3
- SpringCloud(Hoxton.SR6)
- Maven 3.2+
- 开发工具
- IntelliJ IDEA
- smartGit
创建一个SpringBoot Initialize项目,详情可以参考我之前博客:SpringBoot系列之快速创建项目教程
pom,加上spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server
@EnableEurekaServer配置Eureka服务端:
package com.example.springcloud.server;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
eureka服务端配置:
spring:
application:
name: eurka-server
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
启动项目,访问:http://localhost:8761
5. Eureka服务提供者
在Eureka中,服务提供者和服务消费者是Eureka client提供的,使用注解@EnableEurekaClient
标明
新建SpringBoot Initializer项目
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: eureka-service-provider
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
healthcheck:
enabled: false
instance:
status-page-url-path: http://localhost:8761/actuator/info
health-check-url-path: http://localhost:8761/actuator//health
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: eureka-service-provider8081
写个例子,以github用户为例:
package com.example.springcloud.provider.bean;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
*
* Github User
*
*
*
* @author mazq
* 修改记录
* 修改后版本: 修改人: 修改日期: 2020/07/27 17:38 修改内容:
*
*/
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
@Data
public class User implements Serializable {
private String name;
private String blog;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", blog='" + blog + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
读取github用户信息:
package com.example.springcloud.provider.service;
import com.example.springcloud.provider.bean.User;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
*
* UserService
*
*
*
* @author mazq
* 修改记录
* 修改后版本: 修改人: 修改日期: 2020/07/27 17:42 修改内容:
*
*/
@Service
@Slf4j
public class UserService {
private final RestTemplate restTemplate;
public UserService(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {
this.restTemplate = restTemplateBuilder.build();
}
public User findUser(String user) throws InterruptedException {
log.info("username[{}]" , user);
String url = String.format("https://api.github.com/users/%s", user);
User results = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
return results;
}
}
@EnableEurekaClient
指定eureka client:
package com.example.springcloud.provider;
import com.example.springcloud.provider.bean.User;
import com.example.springcloud.provider.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
public class SpringcloudServiceProviderApplication {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
}
@GetMapping({"/api/users/{username}"})
@ResponseBody
public User findUser(@PathVariable("username")String username) throws InterruptedException{
User user= userService.findUser(username);
return user;
}
}
部署后,注册信息发布到eureka server:
服务注册信息打印到控制台
访问接口:http://localhost:8081/api/users/mojombo,能访问就是注册成功
提示:EMERGENCY! EUREKA MAY BE INCORRECTLY CLAIMING INSTANCES ARE UP WHEN THEY'RE NOT. RENEWALS ARE LESSER THAN THRESHOLD AND HENCE THE INSTANCES ARE NOT BEING EXPIRED JUST TO BE SAFE.
SpringCloud警告(Eureka):EMERGENCY! EUREKA MAY BE INCORRECTLY CLAIMING INSTANCES ARE UP WHEN THEY'RE NOT. RENEWALS ARE LESSER THAN THRESHOLD AND HENCE THE INSTANCES ARE NOT BEING EXPIRED JUST TO BE SAFE.
警告!Eureka可能存在维护了错误的实例列表(当它们没有启动的时候,Eureka却把它当成启动的了);Renews值小于Threshold值,因此剩下未过期的都是安全的。
方法:参考博客https://www.cnblogs.com/gudi/p/8645370.html,可以关了eureka的自我保护模式eureka.server.enableSelfPreservation=false
eureka也引用SpringBoot actuator监控管理,SpringBoot actuator可以参考我之前博客: SpringBoot系列之actuator监控管理极速入门与实践
具体可以进行配置,配置成eureka server的ip,加上actuator
eureka:
instance:
status-page-url-path: http://localhost:8761/actuator/info
health-check-url-path: http://localhost:8761/actuator/health
显示ip和实例id配置:
6. Eureka服务消费者
Spring cloud有两种最常用的服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign,所以本博客以学习为目的,简单介绍一下ribbon+restTemplate的方式,之后有时间再介绍feign的方式
ribbon+resttemplate方式,Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR6版本不需要引入spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon,已经默认集成
引入web既可,主要是想调restTemplate
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
yaml配置:
server:
port: 8082
spring:
application:
name: eureka-service-consumer
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
fetch-registry: true
register-with-eureka: false
healthcheck:
enabled: false
instance:
status-page-url-path: http://localhost:8761/actuator/info
health-check-url-path: http://localhost:8761/actuator//health
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: eureka-service-consumer8082
关键点,使用SpringCloud的
@LoadBalanced
,才能调http://EUREKA-SERVICE-PROVIDER/api/users/? 接口的数据,浏览器是不能直接调的
package com.example.springcloud.consumer;
import com.example.springcloud.consumer.bean.User;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
public class SpringcloudServiceConsumerApplication {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
@GetMapping("/findUser/{username}")
public User index(@PathVariable("username")String username){
return restTemplate().getForObject("http://EUREKA-SERVICE-PROVIDER/api/users/"+username,User.class);
}
}
附录:
ok,本博客参考官方教程进行实践,仅仅作为入门的学习参考资料,详情可以参考Spring Cloud官方文档https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-netflix/reference/html/#registering-with-eureka
代码例子下载:code download
优质学习资料参考:
方志鹏大佬系列Spring Cloud博客:https://www.fangzhipeng.com/spring-cloud.html
使用Spring Cloud与Docker实战微服务:https://eacdy.gitbooks.io/spring-cloud-book/content/
程序员DD大佬系列Spring Cloud博客:http://blog.didispace.com/spring-cloud-learning/