Linux学习

一：VM

傻瓜式安装

二：CentOS

安装

配置ip

1.配置虚拟网卡
编辑–>虚拟机网络编辑器–>vmnet8

** 2.可视化页面打开终端**

** 3.进入目录 **
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

3.打开文件
vi ifcfg-ensXX

** 4.修改文件ifcfg-ens33 设置静态ip**
TYPE=“Ethernet”
BOOTPROTO=“static”
NAME=“ens33”
DEVICE=“ens33”
ONBOOT=“yes”
IPADDR=“192.168.85.132”
NETMASK=“255.255.255.0”
GATEWAY=“192.168.85.2”
DNS1=“114.114.114.114”
DNS2=“8.8.8.8”

IPADDR:自定义ip

目录信息

三：xshell

建立连接

根据ip创建新的链接

yum命令安装

** 安装 ftp**
yum -y install vsftpd

防火墙

查看防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld.service
临时停止firewall
systemctl stop firewalld.service
禁止firewall开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service
查看防火墙状态是否是running
firewall -cmd --state
重新载入配置，比如添加规则之后，需要执行此命令
firewall -cmd --reload
列出支持的zone
firewall -cmd --get-zones
列出支持的服务，在列表中的服务是放行的
firewall -cmd --get-services
查看ftp服务是否支持，返回yes或者no
firewall -cmd --query-service ftp
临时开放ftp服务
firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp
永久开放ftp服务
firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp --permanent
永久移除ftp服务
firewall-cmd --remove-service=ftp --permanent
永久添加80端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
开启端口
添加：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
重新载入：firewall-cmd --reload
查看：firewall-cmd --zone=pubilc --query-prot=90/tcp
删除：firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-prot=80/tcp --permanent

四：jdk

查看是否已经有过安装
rpm -qa | grep jdk

** 卸载已安装的jdk**
yum -y remove XXX
从centos开源库中找jdk相关软件
yum list| greo jdk
安装
yum -y install xxx
检查是否安装成功
jjava -version

五：tomcat

tomcat

** 下载 **
官网下载
** 目录 **
/xxx/tomcat/xxx.tat.ge
解压
tar zxf xxx.tat.gz
启动
cd /解压目录/bin/
./startup.sh
** 查看日志 **
cd /解压目录/log/
tail -f catalina.out
** 查看是否运行**
ps -ef | grep tomcat

集群

六 ：redis

redis

** 下载**
官网下载linux版本压缩包
目录
/xxx/reids/xxx.tat.ge
解压
tar -zxvf redisxxxx.tar.ge
安装依赖
yum -y install gcc-c++ autoconf automake
make
进入解压目录 运行：“make”
安装
1.进入解压目录
2.默认安装：make install 位置： /usr/local/bin
3.选择已有目录安装：make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis/ install
redis.conf文件
将解压目录中“redis.conf”移动到安装目录下
修改redis.conf文件
1.daemonize yes (后台启动)
2.bind ip (允许访问的ip 若注释掉则表示允许所有的ip )
3.protected-mode no (关闭保护模式)
4.requirepass root(添加访问认证) “备注：搜索：Redis is pretty fast an outside user；
在其后添加认证”
5.database xx (xx:数据库数量 )

集群

七：mysql

下载

官网下载：https://www.mysql.com/

安装

检查已安装的mysql并卸载
检查：rpm -qa | grep mysql
卸载：yum -y remove mysql

删除mariaDb
检查：rpm -qa| grep mariadb
删除：rpm -e --nodeps xxxx

安装依赖
yum install libaio perl net-toos

**新建目录上传mysql **
上传后解压：tar -xvf xxx

安装
1执行：rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2执行：rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3执行: rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4执行：rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

5执行：rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

6执行：rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

查看状态
service mysqld status

启动
service mysqld start

再次查看状态
service mysqld status

查看临时密码
mysql第一次启动，临时密码，在 /var/log/mysqld.log 中

执行：grep password /var/log/mysqld.log

修改密码

1.登录mysql -u root -p

2.输入临时密码

3.ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘Root_123456’;

设置远程访问
1use mysql;
2update user set host =‘%’ where user=‘root’;
3刷新权限：flush privileges;

远程链接，关闭防火墙/开启端口
远程访问配置：执行： use mysql;
执行：update user set host = ‘%’ where user = ‘root’;
刷新权限：flush privileges;
关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld.service / systemctl stop iptables.service
进制防火墙开机启动:systemctl disable firewalld.service /systemctl disable iptables.service

设置简单密码
1登录

2查看密码策略：SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘validate_password%’;

3设置只检查长度：set global validate_password.policy=LOW;

4设置长度x： set global validate_password.length=X;

5设置密码：ALTER USER ‘root’@‘%’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘密码’;

6刷新权限：flush privileges

mysql命令
查看状态：service mysqld status
启动：service mysqld start
重启：service mysqld restart
停止：service mysqld stop
登录：mysql -u root -p —>输入密码

退出
exit/quit

八：RabbitMq

链接: https://blog.csdn.net/awxnn/article/details/127867466

九：FastDFS

链接: https://blog.csdn.net/awxnn/article/details/129625081

十：nginx

安装与使用

下载
官网下载

解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.xx.x.tar.gz

安装依赖
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl-devel

安装nginx
编译安装

# 切换至 nginx 的解压目录
cd /xxx/nginx-1.18.0
# 创建 nginx 的安装目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/xxx/nginx
# 指定 nginx 的安装路径
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/xxx/nginx/
# 编译并安装
make && make install

查看版本
sbin/nginx -v

启动
启动并通过 -c 指定启动时加载的配置文件，默认加载 conf/nginx.conf
sbin/nginx -c /xxx/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

** 配置负载均衡**

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    
    # 访问的集群地址， weight代表着权重，值越大代表着访问的优先级越高
    upstream tomcat{ 
		server 192.168.85.131:81 weight=4; 
		server 192.168.85.131:82 weight=3;
		server 192.168.85.131:83 weight=3;
    }
    server {
        listen       80; # nginx的端口
        server_name  localhost; # nginx的ip

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

		# 访问之后跳转地址
        location / {
           # root   html;
           # index  index.html index.htm;
           proxy_pass http://tomcat; # 代表访问nginx后跳转的地址
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

配置域名

十一：Zookeeper

十二：Elasticsearch