云贝教育 |【技术文章】Oracle 19c 单实例dg+rman+copy方案

软件规划

软件名称	版本
vmware	v15
操作系统	oracle linux 8.8
数据库	19.3.0.0.0
secureCRT	9

主备规划

类型	IP	主机名	db_name	db_unique_name	instance_name	ORACLE_SID
主库	192.168.2.115	db1	ORCLCDB	ORCLCDB1	ORCLCDB1	ORCLCDB1
备库	192.168.254.38	db2	ORCLCDB	ORCLCDB2	ORCLCDB2	ORCLCDB1

说明：以下配置无特殊说明，均在CDB下，用SYS用户操作。

一、主库配置

1.1 主库开启归档

1）oracle创建归档目录

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/arch

2）cdb下修改归档参数

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/opt/oracle/arch'; scope=spfile;
show parameter log_archive_dest_state_1;
-->enable

3) 重启数据库到mount阶段

 startup mount

4) 开启归档

 alter database archivelog;

5）打开数据库并检查

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /opt/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence     252
Next log sequence to archive   254
Current log sequence           254

1.2 主库设置force logging模式

1）设置主备force logging
alter database force logging;

2）检查
select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;

1.3 配置standby redolog

1) 查看日志组路径及大小

SQL> col MEMBER for a40
SQL> select a.group#,a.MEMBER,b.bytes/1024/1024 from v$logfile a ,v$log b where a.group#=b.group# order by 1;

    GROUP# MEMBER                                   B.BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------------------------------------- -----------------
         1 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo01.log                 200
         2 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo02.log                 200
         3 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo03.log                 200

2）创建standby logfile

alter database add standby logfile group 4('/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo04.log') size 200M;
alter database add standby logfile group 5('/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo05.log') size 200M;
alter database add standby logfile group 6('/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo06.log') size 200M;
alter database add standby logfile group 7('/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo07.log') size 200M;

3) 重启
shutdown immediate
startup

1.4 配置密码文件

orapwd file='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID' password=oracle entries=10 force=y format=12;

将主库密码文件拷贝到备库

 scp orapwORCLCDB1 db2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

1.5 配置监听

查看数据库name参数

SQL> show parameter name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name                     string
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      ORCLCDB
db_unique_name                       string      ORCLCDB1
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      ORCLCDB1
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
pdb_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string
service_names                        string      ORCLCDB1

查看ORACLE_SID

[oracle@db1 ~]$ ps -ef|grep smon
oracle     25927       1  0 17:23 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCLCDB1
oracle     27127   24278  0 17:33 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto smon
[oracle@db1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ORCLCDB1

这里要配置静态监听

SID_LIST_LISTENER = 
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCLCDB1) #service_name
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1) 
      (SID_NAME= ORCLCDB1)  #oracle_sid
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db1)(PORT = 1521))
  )

1.6 配置tns

ORCLCDB1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORCLCDB1)
    )
  )

ORCLCDB2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db2)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORCLCDB2)
    )
  )

 验证网络

#t重启监听
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

测试服务名连通性：
tnsping ORCLCDB1 
tnsping ORCLCDB2

测试远程登录
sqlplus sys/oracle@ORCLCDB1 as sysdba
--此时备库未配置监听，所以无法连接
sqlplus sys/oracle@ORCLCDB2  as sysdba

1.7 配置主库参数

主库参数（重启生效）：
alter system set db_unique_name='ORCLCDB1' scope=spfile;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ORCLCDB1,ORCLCDB2)' scope=both;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/opt/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCLCDB1' scope=both;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=ORCLCDB2 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCLCDB2' scope=both;
alter system set fal_client='ORCLCDB1' scope=both;
alter system set FAL_SERVER='ORCLCDB2' scope=both;
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO scope=both;

重启数据库生效
shutdown immediate;
startup ;

注：

如果主备两边目录结构不一样，DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT和LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT参数需要修改

alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ORCLCDB2','ORCLCDB1' scope=spfile;
alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ORCLCDB2','ORCLCDB1' scope=spfile;

1.8 关闭应用和监听，做RMAN全备

1）关闭监听

lsnrctl stop

2）rman全库备份

backup full database format '/opt/oracle/backup/backup_%T_%s_%p.bak';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format ='/opt/oracle/backup/arch_%T_%s_%p.bak';

 run{ 
allocate channel c1 device type disk; 
allocate channel c2 device type disk; 
backup database format '/opt/oracle/backup/backdata_%T_%s_%p.bak'; 
sql 'alter system archive log current'; 
backup archivelog all format '/opt/oracle/backup/archlog_%T_%s_%p.bak';
backup current controlfile format '/opt/oracle/backup/cntrl_%s_%p_%s.bak'; 
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
} 

3）启动监听

lsnrctl start

4）将备份传输到备库

scp -r /opt/oracle/backup/ db2:/opt/oracle

二、备库配置

2.1 配置备库oracle环境变量

    umask 022
    export TMP=/tmp
    export TMPDIR=$TMP
    export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_1
    export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB2
    export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH

2.2 配置备库参数

主要参照主库，微调即可

*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='ORCLCDB'
*.db_unique_name='ORCLCDB2'
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLCDBXDB)'
*.enable_pluggable_database=true
*.fal_client='ORCLCDB2'
*.fal_server='ORCLCDB1'
*.instance_name='ORCLCDB2'
*.local_listener='LISTENER_ORCLCDB'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(ORCLCDB2,ORCLCDB1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/opt/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCLCDB2'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ORCLCDB1 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCLCDB1'
*.memory_target=1444m
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=320
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

将参数文件中必要的目录创建

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/arch
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/adump

2.3 配置备库网络

1）静态监听

SID_LIST_LISTENER = 
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCLCDB2) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1) 
      (SID_NAME= ORCLCDB2)  
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db2)(PORT = 1521))
  )

2）tns解析

ORCLCDB1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORCLCDB1)
    )
  )

ORCLCDB2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db2)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORCLCDB2)
    )
  )

验证网络

重启备库监听
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

测试服务名连通性：
tnsping ORCLCDB1 
tnsping ORCLCDB2

测试远程登录
sqlplus sys/oracle@ORCLCDB1 as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@ORCLCDB2  as sysdba

2.4 启动备库到nomount阶段

startup nomount

2.5 备库通过rman恢复控制文件

注意这里的控制文件是 standby controlfile 

 restore standby controlfile from '/home/oracle/backup/cntrl_6_1_6.bak';

2.6 备库通过rman恢复数据文件

注册恢复目录
catalog start with '/opt/oracle/backup';
crosscheck backup;

rman恢复数据文件
restore database;
restore archivelog all;

查看备库日志

select * from v$standby_log;

查看数据库状态

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED

三、配置主备同步

3.1 启动备库日志应用 

 alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

3.2 查看主备日志应用情况

 select process,status,thread#,sequence# from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS   STATUS          THREAD#  SEQUENCE#
--------- ------------ ---------- ----------
DGRD      ALLOCATED             0          0
ARCH      CONNECTED             0          0
DGRD      ALLOCATED             0          0
ARCH      CONNECTED             0          0
ARCH      CONNECTED             0          0
ARCH      CONNECTED             0          0
RFS       IDLE                  1          0
RFS       IDLE                  1        267
MRP0      APPLYING_LOG          1        267

9 rows selected.

3.3 关闭日志应用

 alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

3.4 将备库打开

alter database open;

到此为上，主备搭建完成。