The Guardian view on declining birthrates: there may be trouble ahead
《卫报》对出生率下降问题的看法:未来可能要有麻烦了
Europe's baby deficit is becoming impossible to ignore. According to latest figures, 2020 saw the lowest number of births recorded since Italian unification in 1861. Spain is ageing at a similar pace, as is much of eastern Europe.
欧洲的新生儿数量已经跌到了不容忽视的地步。最新数据显示,2020 年意大利的出生人数创下了 1861 年国家统一以来的历史新低。西班牙正以近似的速度老龄化,大部分东欧各国也是如此。
加入会员可查看
Assuming current demographic trends continue, Eurostat has calculated that the number of European over-65s will have grown by over 40% by 2050. Fewer people will be in work paying taxes when their pension and care bills arrive.
根据欧洲统计局的计算,假设人口继续按照目前的趋势发展下去,那么到 2050 年,欧洲 65 岁以上的人口数量将会增长 40% 以上。当这批老年人拿到他们的养老金和医疗帐单时,纳税的上班族将会变得更少。
加入会员可查看
Even in Scandinavia, rightly held up as a model when it comes to parental leave and accessible childcare, alarm bells are ringing. The Norwegian prime minister, Erna Solberg, has warned that one of Europe's best-funded welfare states could only be socially and economically sustainable if people had more children.
即便是在斯堪的纳维亚——该地区在育儿假和儿童保育方面堪称模范——(人口危机的)警钟也在敲响。挪威首相埃尔娜·索尔贝格曾警告称,只有人们生育更多的孩子,挪威这个资金最雄厚的欧洲福利国家之一才能保持社会、经济的可持续发展。
加入会员可查看
For many under-35s, a combination of debt, stagnant wages and insecure work make starting a family seem like a risk, rather than a natural step. In Britain especially, for the millions of private renters unable to get on the housing ladder, a lack of assets compounds the problem.
对于许多 35 岁以下的人来说,负债、工资常年不变,再加上工作不稳定,这一系列因素让生孩子这件事情看起来不像是一个自然步骤,而更像是一种冒险。特别是在英国,数以百万计的个体租客买不起房子,资产缺失让这一问题难上加难。
加入会员可查看
At the beginning of the pandemic, it was speculated that the confinement of lockdown would lead to a Covid baby boom. Amid acute anxiety about the future, the opposite occurred.
新冠大流行初期,有人推测说封锁隔离可能会导致疫情期间出现生育高峰。(人们处于)对未来的极度焦虑中,相反的情况发生了。
加入会员可查看
Birthrates tend to tick upwards during good times, not bad ones. A vaccine bounce in reopening economies may confirm that rule of thumb in the short term. But there is no escaping the underlying pre-Covid reality that too few babies are being born.*** Without a new deal for young would-be parents, a demographic crisis looms.
出生率往往会在经济繁荣时出现缓慢增长,经济不景气时则不会。在重新开放的经济体中,“疫苗红利”也许会在短期内证实这一经验法则。但是我们无法逃避一个潜在的事实——在疫情之前,出生的婴儿太少了。如果年轻的准父母们得不到新的解决方案,那么人口危机将迫在眉睫。
加入会员可查看
主编:Amy
品控:Raven
审核:夏天
重点词汇
deficit
/ˈdef.ə.sɪt/
n. 缺少,不足;赤字,亏损
搭配短语:a deficit in food supply(不足)
搭配短语:a budget deficit(赤字)
demographic
/ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪk/
adj. 人口的,人口统计的
相关词汇:demography(n. 人口学,人口统计学)
词根词缀:demo-(源自希腊语中的 demos,表示“与人相关的”)
词根词缀:-graphy(表示某种学科)
相关词汇:geography(n. 地理学)
词义辨析:demography,census
demography 是对人口特征、现象进行研究,而 census 是对一国的人口情况进行调查,意思是“人口普查”。
搭配短语:demographic crisis
pension
/ˈpen.ʃən/
n. 养老金,退休金
搭配短语:draw / receive a pension
parental leave
/pəˌren.t̬əl ˈliːv/
n. 育儿假,亲子假
相关词汇:parental(adj. 父母的)
相关词汇:parent(n. 父母)
相关词汇:leave(n. 假期,休假;v. 离开)
搭配短语:annual leave
sustainable
/səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
adj. 可持续的,能长期保持的
相关词汇:sustain(v. 保持,维持)
近义词:maintain(v. 保持,维持)
英文释义:be able to continue for a long time
搭配短语:sustainable economic growth
stagnant
/ˈstæɡ.nənt/
adj. 停滞的,不发展的;(水或空气)不流动的,污浊的
搭配短语:to revive the stagnant economy
to start a family
生育第一个孩子
相关词汇:family(n. 孩子,子女;家庭)
英文释义:to have your first baby
例句:We're not ready to start a family yet.
compound
/kəmˈpaʊnd/
v. 使加重,使恶化
词性拓展:compound(n. 复合词)
拓展发音:/ˈkɑːm.paʊnd/
英文释义:to make a problem worse
例句:Limited health care resources compound the Covid crisis in India.
speculate
/ˈspek.jə.leɪt/
v. 猜测,推测
例句:At present scientists can only speculate on the life outside our solar system.
confinement
/kənˈfaɪn.mənt/
n. 限制,禁闭
例句:Nelson Mandela was held in confinement for 27 years.
baby boom
/ˈbeɪ.bi ˌbuːm/
n. 生育高峰,婴儿潮
相关词汇:boom(n. 繁荣,兴旺;流行,风靡)
相关短语:baby boomer
文化补充:baby boomer 在欧美国家特指出生于第二次世界大战后生育高峰期(1946 年到 1964 年)的人。
acute
/əˈkjuːt/
adj.(感觉)强烈的;(情况)严重的
搭配短语:an acute shortage of water((情况)严重的)
搭配短语:acute embarrassment((感觉)强烈的)
rule of thumb
经验法则
文化补充:“经验法则”指的是依据经验,而非准确测量得出的规律、法则,也叫“大拇指规则”。
underlying
/ˌʌn.dɚˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/
adj. 深层的,潜在的
拓展发音:/ˈʌn.dɚˌlaɪ.ɪŋ/
相关词汇:underlie(v. 是……的深层原因)
搭配短语:the underlying causes
would-be
/ˈwʊd.bi/
adj. 想要成为……的,未来的
搭配短语:a would-be actor
loom
/luːm/
v.(问题或困难)逼近,临近