Vulkan vertex buffer绑定过程
代码实战
我们用indirect draw绘制6个不同位置的三角形，效果如下：
重点：具备layout(location = xx) in 格式描述的资源就是 vertex buffer。
vs shader如下， inPos，inColor，instancePos则是vertext buffer数据：
//vs
#version 450
layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inColor;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 instancePos;
layout(location = 0) out vec3 fragColor;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(inPos, 1.0) + vec4(instancePos, 1.0);
gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
fragColor = inColor;
}
vertex buffer的布局分布如下：
- location 0的inPos、location 1的inColor使用binding 0
- location 2的instancePos使用binding 1
代码侧调用vkCmdBindVertexBuffers告诉gpu从哪个binding位置读取顶点数据（即vkCmdBindVertexBuffers的firstBinding参数，与shader中layout的binding完全没关系，这点在后面的descriptor章节再讲）。
gpu知道了从哪里读数据，但是怎么读？这就用到了VkVertexInputBindingDescription和 VkVertexInputAttributeDescription两个结构体，它们在创建pipeline时被使用。
结构体详细说明：
typedef struct VkVertexInputBindingDescription {
uint32_t binding; //数据绑定位置
uint32_t stride; //连续两个数据之间的间隔
VkVertexInputRate inputRate; //两种方式， per-vertex:对每个顶点输入， per-instance:对每个实例输入
} VkVertexInputBindingDescription;
typedef struct VkVertexInputAttributeDescription {
uint32_t location; //在shader中location一致
uint32_t binding; //数据绑定位置
VkFormat format; //数据格式
uint32_t offset; //属性相对于顶点开始位置的偏移
} VkVertexInputAttributeDescription;这里需要注意的是VkVertexInputBindingDescription::inputRate， 它代表两种数据输入：
- VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX：per-vertex，按图元的定点数分配
- VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE：per-instance，按图元数分配
本例画6个三角形，对于编号i的三角形，会读取顶点数据vertices[0],vertices[1],vertices[2]以及中心点位置instancePosData[i]。
本例完整代码说明：
/* {inPosition, inColor}*/
struct Vertex {
vec3 pos;
vec3 color;
}
// vertex data of triangle
std::vector vertices = {
{ { 0.0f, 0.2f, 0.0f }, { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f } },
{ { -0.2f, -0.2f, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f } },
{ { 0.2f, -0.2f, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } },
};
// 6 triangle instance center point postion
std::vector instancePosData = {
{-0.45, 0.45, 0},{-0.45, -0.45, 0},{0, -0.8, 0},
{0.45, -0.45, 0},{0.45, 0.45, 0},{0, 0.8, 0},
};
//create vertex buffer
VkDeviceSize vertexBufferSize = vertices.size() * sizeof(Vertex);
VkDeviceSize instancePosBufferSize = instancePosData.size() * sizeof(Vec3);
createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
&vertexBuffer, &vertexMemory,
vertexBufferSize, vertices.data());
createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
&instancePosBuffer, &instancePosMemory,
instancePosBufferSize,instancePosData.data());
VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {0};
//三角形顶点位置、颜色数据从binding 0读取
vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(
commandBuffer,
0, // firstBinding
1, // bindingCount
&vertexBuffer,
offsets);
//三角形的中心点位置从binding 1读取
vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(
commandBuffer,
1, // firstBinding
1, // bindingCount
&instancePosBuffer,
offsets);
// 读取顶点的方式、以及顶点数据布局传入graphicsPipelineCreateInfo
std::vector bindingDescription = {
{.binding=0, .stride=sizeof(Vertex), .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX}, //逐顶点方式获取三角形顶点数据
{.binding=1, .stride=sizeof(Vec3), .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE} //逐实例方式获取三角形位置数据
};
std::vector attributeDescriptions =
{
{.binding = 0, .location = 0, .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, .offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos)}, // inPos: binding 0, location 0
{.binding = 0, .location = 1, .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, .offset = offsetof(Vertex, color)}, // inColor: binding 0, location 1
{.binding = 1, .location = 2, .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, .offset = 0} // instancePos: binding 1, location 2
}
...
vkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = bindingDescription.data();
vkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescriptions.data();
...
vkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo; 上面从代码到shader的vertex buffer数据绑定过程可以归纳成这张图：
这篇文章对vertext buffer的处理逻辑讲的很详细，可以扩展阅读一下：
https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Guide/blob/main/chapters/vertex_input_data_processing.adoc