Listening--Talking about Verbs 1
Now that you're studying English at a high level, you need to be able to talk about the language itself.
One of the biggest areas of confusion for students is the difference between the past tense and the present perfect.
The past tense is indicated by use of the past tense marker, represented here by V sub d.
ps:V sub d. 意思是v(d)
Here are some examples of regular verbs and their past tense forms.
So, as you can see, for regular verbs the past tense form is indicated by the addition of an -ed at the end of the verb.
However, some of the most common verbs in English are irregular, so it is important to learn them.
Here are some examples.
Altogether there are over 200 irregular verbs in normal use.
Many people think that the past tense form only indicates past time.
However, that is only one of the possible meanings.
The past tense form is also used to express something that is unlikely or imaginary, from the speaker's point of view.
Here is an example: "He wishes he had a car."
The fact is that he doesn't have a car, so the use of "had" indicates that it isn't real: it's imaginary.
If he had a car, he could drive us to school.
Again, "he doesn't have a car, so he can't drive us to school."
This condition expresses something that isn't a fact.
It's a counter-factual condition, which means it goes against what we know or believe.
ps: counter-factual英 [ˈkaʊntə(r) ˈfæktʃuəl] 美 [ˈkaʊntər ˈfæktʃuəl] 反事实的;反事实
Look at these two sentences.
Both sentences are correct, but there is a difference in meaning.
In the top sentence, the condition that she waits is more likely from the speaker's point of view.
In the bottom sentence, the speaker thinks it's less likely that she's going to wait.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1.If the flight left an hour later，we wouldn't have to get to the airport so early tomorrow morning.
2.I wish we didn't have to run ,but if we don't hurry，we'll miss the next bus.
3.If that flight left a few minutes later, we could take the next shuttle bus.
PS: shuttle bus英 [ˈʃʌtl bʌs] 美 [ˈʃʌtl bʌs] 区间(公共汽)车
4.There's going to be a sale next week, so I hope she doesn't go shopping tomorrow.
5.The past tense form is also used to express something that is unlikely or imaginary, from the speaker's point of view.
6.If that flight leaves on time, the next shuttle bus may not get us to the airport on time.
7.He wishes he had a car, but he doesn't have enough money to buy one.