帮助文档-docker-v1.0.1

镜像管理

# 查找
#2 语法：docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
#2 描述：Search the Docker Hub for images
#2 参数：
#3 条件过滤：-f
#3 美化输出：--format
#3 最大记录：--limit
#3 不截输出：--no-trunc
$ docker search httpd

# 下拉(下载；获取)
#2 语法：docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
#2 描述：Pull an image or a repository from a registry
#2 参数：
#3 获取所有：-a
#3 跳过验证：--disable-content-trust
$ docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lxepoo/apache-php5

# 修改
#2 创建标签
#3 语法：docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
#3 描述：Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
$ docker tag  registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lxepoo/apache-php5:latest aliweb:v1

# 查看
#2 列出镜像
#3 语法：docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
#3 描述：List images
#3 参数：
#4 显示所有：-a
#4 显示算法：--digests
#4 条件过滤：-f
#4 美化输出：--format
#4 不截输出：--no-trunc
#4 仅显编号：-q
$ docker images
$ docker images  --digests --no-trunc
$ docker image inspect --format='{{.RepoTags}} {{.Id}} {{.Parent}}' $(docker image ls -q --filter since=8ac27ce8ee49)

#2 镜像历史
#3 语法： docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
#3 描述：Show the history of an image
#3 参数：
#4 某种格式：--format
#4 人读格式：-H
#4 只显编号：-q
$ docker history b961582107fc


# 删除
#2 语法： docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
#2 描述：Remove one or more images
#2 参数：
#3 强制删除：-f, --force      Force removal of the image
#3 留未标父：--no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents
$ docker  rmi  -f  registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lxepoo/apache-php5
$ docker  rmi  -f  2cb0d9787c4d
$ docker  rmi  -f  b961582107fc
# 删除所有
$ docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

# 创建
# ##############################################s
#方式1 ：从 Docker Hub 获取已有镜像并更新
#2 启动容器
$ docker run -t -i training/sinatra /bin/bash
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
#2 安装应用：在容器中添加 json 应用
$ gem install json
//#2 退出容器 
//# $ exit #退出时关闭容器
//# #2 启动容器
//$ docker run -d training/sinatra /bin/bash
#2 退出容器 
$ Ctrl+P+Q #退出时不关容器
#2 查看容器
$ docker ps
#2 提交更新
#3 语法： docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
#3 描述：Create a new image from a container's changes
#3 参数：
#4 镜像作者：-a（--author）
#4 配置文件：-c（ --change）
#4 注释信息：-m（--message）
#4 退出容器：-p（ --pause）
$ docker commit -m "Added json gem" -a "Docker Newbee" 2d3c7afae625 ouruser/sinatra:v2
#2 查看镜像：验证是否成功
$ docker images
# ##############################################e
# ##############################################s
#方式2 ：本地制作一个

# 制作
#2 准备内容：dockerfile
# vim Dockerfile 
FROM apachephp:v1  #声明基础镜像来源
MAINTAINER DTSTACK #声明镜像的拥有者
RUN mkdir /dtstact #容器运行前执命令
 # 由于Dockerfile文件不能超过127行，因此当命令较多时建议写到脚本中执行
ENTRYPOINT ping www.aliyun.com #开机启动命令，此处最后一个命令需要是可在前台持续执行的命令，否则容器后台运行时会因为命令执行完而退出。

#2 构建镜像
#3 语法： docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
#3 描述：Build an image from a Dockerfile
#3 参数：
#4 域名映射：--add-host list           Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
#4 构时变量：--build-arg list          Set build-time variables
#4 缓存位置：--cache-from strings      Images to consider as cache sources
#4 内容压缩：--compress                Compress the build context using gzip
#4 跳过验证：--disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
#4 配置文件：-f, --file string             Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
#4 移除容器：--force-rm                Always remove intermediate containers
#4 编号文件： --iidfile string          Write the image ID to the file
#4 设置标签：--label list              Set metadata for an image
#4 内存限制：  -m, --memory bytes            Memory limit
#4 限内开关：--memory-swap bytes       Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
#4 网络模式： --network string          Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
#4 关闭缓存：--no-cache                Do not use cache when building the image
#4 自动更新：--pull                    Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
#4 移除容器：--rm                      Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
#4 安全选项：--security-opt strings    Security options
#4 指定标签：-t, --tag list                Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
#4 指定阶段：--target string           Set the target build stage to build
$ docker build -t webcentos:v1 .   # . 是Dockerfile文件的路径，不能忽略
$ docker images                    #查看是否创建成功
$ docker run –d webcentos:v1       #后台运行容器
$ docker ps                        #查看当前运行中的容器
$ docker ps –a                     #查看所有容器，包括未运行中的
$ docker logs CONTAINER ID/IMAGE   #如未查看到刚才运行的容器，则用容器id或者名字查看启动日志排错
$ docker commit fb2844b6c070 dtstackweb:v1 #commit 后接容器id 和构建新镜像的名称和版本号。
$ docker images                    #列出本地（已下载的和本地创建的）镜像
$ docker push                      #将镜像推送至远程仓库，默认为 Docker Hub

#2 传到仓库：registry
docker login --username=dtstack_plus registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com #执行后输入镜像仓库密码
docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/dtstack123/test:[镜像版本号]
docker push registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/dtstack123/test:[镜像版本号]
# ##############################################e
# ##############################################s
#方式3 ：从本地导入一个
# cat ubuntu-14.04-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz  |docker import - ubuntu:14.04
# docker images

# 存出：从本地仓库导出镜像到本地文件
# docker save -o ubuntu_14.04.tar ubuntu:14.04

# 载入：从本地文件导入镜像到本地仓库
# docker load --input ubuntu_14.04.tar
# 或
# udo docker load < ubuntu_14.04.tar

# 内核
#2 帮助：docker image --help
#2 语法：docker image COMMAND
#2 命令：
#3 从配构建
 # build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
#3 查看历史
 # history     Show the history of an image
#3 导入创建
 # import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image

#3 载入
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
#3 列出
  ls          List images
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
#3 下载
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
#3 上传
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
#3 删除
#4 指定镜像
  rm          Remove one or more images
#4 删除未用
  prune       Remove unused images
#4 保存
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
#4 标签
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

# 遇到问题
# 问题：删除镜像时提示image has dependent child images 错误
# 解决：docker image inspect --format='{{.RepoTags}} {{.Id}} {{.Parent}}' $(docker image ls -q --filter since=8ac27ce8ee49)
# 参考：https://blog.csdn.net/maxwell/article/details/78941552

容器管理

# 创建
#2 语法：docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
#2 描述：Create a new container
#2 参数：
#3 域名映射: --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
#3 绑入出错：-a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
#3 添系兼容： --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
#3 移系兼容： --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
#3 编号文件：--cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
#3 添加主机：--device list                    Add a host device to the container
#3 限读频率：--device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
#3 限读频率：--device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
#3 限写频率：--device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
#3 限写频率：--device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
#3 跳过验证：--disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
#3 域名解服：--dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
#3 域名解参：--dns-option list                Set DNS options
#3 域名解域：--dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
#3 镜像入口：--entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
#3 环境变量：-e, --env list                       Set environment variables
#3 环境变量：--env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
#3 暴露端口：--expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
#3 添加群组：--group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
#3 健康检查：--health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
#3 健检周期：--health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
#3 健检通知：--health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
#3 健检通知： --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
#3 健检超时：--health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
#3 主机名字：-h, --hostname string                Container host name
#3 容初始化：Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
#3 绑定输入：-i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
# 主机地址：--ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
# 主机地址：--ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string                     IPC mode to use
# 容器隔离：--isolation string               Container isolation technology
# 缓存限制：--kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
# 容器标签：-l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
# 标签文件：--label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
# 容器互联：--link list                      Add link to another container
# 容器互联：--link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
# 日志驱动：--log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
# 日驱选项：--log-opt list                   Log driver options
# 机器地址：--mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
# 缓存限制：--memory bytes                   Memory limit
# 缓存限制：--memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
# 缓存限制：--memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
# 缓存限制：--memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
# 文件挂载：--mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
# 容器名字：--name string                    Assign a name to the container
# 连接网络：--network string                 Connect a container to a network (default "default")
# 网络别名：--network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
# 健检关闭：--no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
# 容编前缀：--pid string                     PID namespace to use
# 容编限制：--pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
# 扩展权限：--privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
# 给主容端：-p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
# 给主容端：-P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
# 文件只读：--read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
# 重启策略：--restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
# 退出删容：--rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
# 缓存目录：--runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
# 安全选项：--security-opt list              Security Options
--shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
# 关容信号：--stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
# 关容超时：--stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
# 存驱选项：--storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
--sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
# 挂载目录：--tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
-t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
# 非限列表：--ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
# 用户标识：-u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: [:])
# 用户名缀： --userns string                  User namespace to use
--uts string                     UTS namespace to use
# 绑数据卷：-v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
# 数卷驱动：--volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
# 绑数据卷：--volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
# 工作目录：-w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container
$ docker images
# 用仓库+标签确定镜像
$ docker create -it --name centos6_container centos:centos6
# docker create -it --name centos6_container 6a77ab6655b9 bash
$ docker ps -a
# 创数据卷+挂载目录+指定名字
docker create -it --name centos6_container -v /src/webapp:/opt/webapp centos:centos6


# 启动
#2 语法：docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Start one or more stopped containers
#2 参数：
#3 绑定输出：-a
#3 覆拆卸钥： --detach-keys string
#3 绑定输入：-i
$ docker start apache
$ docker start ubuntu
$ docker start ubuntu -i


# 进入
#2 语法：docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
#2 描述：Run a command in a running container
 -d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -e, --env list             Set environment variables
  -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
  -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  -u, --user string          Username or UID (format: [:])
  -w, --workdir string       Working directory inside the container


# 进入
#2 方式1：关闭的容器
#3 语法：docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#3 描述：Start one or more stopped containers

#2 方式2：运行中容器
#3 语法：docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
#3 描述：Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
#3 参数：
#4 莫绑输入： --no-stdin
#4 覆拆卸钥： --detach-keys string
#4 代理信号：--sig-proxy
$ docker attach apache
#2 方式3：运行中容器
#3 语法：docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
#3 描述：Run a command in a running container
#3 参数：

#4 示例：docker container attach $(docker ps -l --format=' {{.ID}}')

# 退出
#2 方式1：关闭容器
$ exit 
#2 方式2：不关容器
$ Ctrl+P+Q

# 停止
#2 语法：docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Stop one or more running containers
#2 参数
#3 延迟几秒：-t int
$ docker stop apache
$ docker stop ubuntu -t 15

#2 语法：docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Kill one or more running containers
#2 参数：
#3 发送信号：-s string

# 移除
#2 语法：docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Remove one or more containers
#2 参数：
#3 强制删除：-f
#3 删数链接：-l
#3 删数据卷：-v
#2 停止状态
$ docker rm apache
#2 运行状态
$ docker rm -f apache
$ docker rm -f ubuntu
$ docker rm -f 2d3c7afae625 


# http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/docker-technology-and-combat/enter.html

# 导出（备份）
#2 语法： docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
#2 描述：Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
#2 参数：
#3 文件名字：-o string
$ docker export apache > ubuntu.tar
$ docker export apache -o ubuntu.tar

# 导入（恢复）
#2 语法：docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
#2 描述：Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
#2 参数：
#3 配置文件：-c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
 #3 注释信息：-m, --message string   Set commit message for imported image
$ cat ubuntu.tar | sudo docker import - test/ubuntu:v1.0


# 运行
#2 语法：docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
#2 描述：Run a command in a new container
#2 参数：
#3 后台运行:-d
#3 端口映射:-p
#3 环境变量:-e
#3 缓存大小:-m
#3 交互终端:-it
#3 主机名字:-h
#3 退出关闭:-rm
#3 工作目录:-w
#3 容器名字:--name
# 后台运行+指定名字
$ docker run -d --name apache e121d5f99e1e
$ docker run -d --name ubuntu 9b9cb95443b5 bash
$ docker run -it ubuntu 9b9cb95443b5 bash


# 查看
# 容器列表
#2 语法： docker ps [OPTIONS]
#2 描述：List containers
#2 参数：
#3 显示所有：-a
#3 条件过滤：-f
#3 美化输出：--format
#3 最新几条：-n
#3 最新一条：-l
#3 不截输出：--no-trunc
#3 仅显编号：-q
#3 显示大小：-s
$ docker ps
$ docker ps -n 5
$ docker ps -l
$ docker ps --no-trunc
$ docker ps -q
$ docker ps -s


#2 流的状态
#3 语法：docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]
#3 描述：Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
#3 参数：


#2 端口列表
#3 语法：docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]
#3 描述：List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
$ docker port 0fb4a58d3982 #?
$ docker port apache #?
$ docker port ubuntu

#2 容器日志
#3 语法： docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
#3 描述：Fetch the logs of a container
#3 参数：
#4 内容细节：--details
#4 按照日志：-f
#4 从某时起：--since string
#4 最后几行：--tail string
#4 显示时间：-t
#4 在某时前：--until string
$ docker logs -f apache
$ docker logs 2d3c7afae625
$ docker logs ubuntu

#2 底层信息
#3 语法： docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
#3 描述：Return low-level information on Docker objects
#3 参数：
#4 美化输出：-f string
#4 显示大小：-c
#4 指定格式：--type string
$ docker inspect apache
$ docker inspect ubuntu

#2 列出进程
#3 语法： docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
#3 描述：Display the running processes of a container

#2 文件差异
#3 语法： docker diff CONTAINER
#3 描述：Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's 

# 修改
# 重新命名
#2 语法：docker rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME
#2 描述：Rename a container

# 重新启动
#2 语法： docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Restart one or more containers
#2 参数：
#3 延迟几秒：-t int


# 暂停进程
#2 语法： docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Pause all processes within one or more containers

# 启动进程
#2 语法：docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Unpause all processes within one or more containers


# 更新配置
#2 语法：docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
#2 描述：Update configuration of one or more containers
#2 参数：
      --blkio-weight uint16        Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable
                                   (default 0)
      --cpu-period int             Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int          Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int         Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int             CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal               Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string         CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string         MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --kernel-memory bytes        Kernel memory limit
  -m, --memory bytes               Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes   Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes          Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --restart string             Restart policy to apply when a container exits

##################################s
# 使用容器制作镜像
# steps-01:进入容器
#2 交互终端
$ docker run –ti e121d5f99e1e /bin/bash
#2 后台运行+指定名字
$ docker run -d --name apache e121d5f99e1e
#2 正在运行
$ docker exec -ti apache /bin/bash

# steps-02:修改容器

# steps-03:创建镜像
#2 将容器做成镜像
# 语法：docker commit containerID/containerName  newImageName:tag
# 描述：Create a new image from a container's changes
# 参数：
# 镜像作者： -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith ")
# 配置文件： -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
# 注释备注： -m, --message string   Commit message
# 暂停进程：-p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)
# 示例：
$ docker commit 4c8066cd8c01 apachephp:v1

# 参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/SzeCheng/p/6822905.html