Python项目——计算器（PySide6+Pyinstaller）

1、介绍

• 使用python编写一个计算器，可以实现基本的运算。
• 
• 【注】该项目最终还有一些细小的bug没有完善，例如符号可以一直输入。

2、实现

• 使用pyCharm创建一个新的项目。 
  • 

2.1、设计UI

• 使用Qt designer设计一个UI界面，保存ui文件，再转换为py文件并保存到项目目录中，供后续使用。
  • 
  • 具体方法：Pyside6入门教学——编写一个UI界面并显示-CSDN博客

• 生成的py文件如下： 

  • # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    ################################################################################
    ## Form generated from reading UI file 'untitled.ui'
    ##
    ## Created by: Qt User Interface Compiler version 6.6.1
    ##
    ## WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost when recompiling UI file!
    ################################################################################
    
    from PySide6.QtCore import (QCoreApplication, QDate, QDateTime, QLocale,
        QMetaObject, QObject, QPoint, QRect,
        QSize, QTime, QUrl, Qt)
    from PySide6.QtGui import (QBrush, QColor, QConicalGradient, QCursor,
        QFont, QFontDatabase, QGradient, QIcon,
        QImage, QKeySequence, QLinearGradient, QPainter,
        QPalette, QPixmap, QRadialGradient, QTransform)
    from PySide6.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QLineEdit, QMainWindow, QMenuBar,
        QPushButton, QSizePolicy, QStatusBar, QWidget)
    
    class Ui_MainWindow(object):
        def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
            if not MainWindow.objectName():
                MainWindow.setObjectName(u"MainWindow")
            MainWindow.resize(300, 350)
            MainWindow.setMinimumSize(QSize(300, 350))
            MainWindow.setMaximumSize(QSize(300, 350))
            self.centralwidget = QWidget(MainWindow)
            self.centralwidget.setObjectName(u"centralwidget")
            self.lineEdit = QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
            self.lineEdit.setObjectName(u"lineEdit")
            self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QRect(30, 20, 241, 41))
            self.lineEdit.setMinimumSize(QSize(0, 0))
            self.lineEdit.setReadOnly(True)
            self.seven = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.seven.setObjectName(u"seven")
            self.seven.setGeometry(QRect(30, 130, 51, 41))
            self.eight = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.eight.setObjectName(u"eight")
            self.eight.setGeometry(QRect(90, 130, 51, 41))
            self.nine = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.nine.setObjectName(u"nine")
            self.nine.setGeometry(QRect(150, 130, 51, 41))
            self.exc = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.exc.setObjectName(u"exc")
            self.exc.setGeometry(QRect(210, 130, 61, 41))
            self.six = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.six.setObjectName(u"six")
            self.six.setGeometry(QRect(150, 180, 51, 41))
            self.four = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.four.setObjectName(u"four")
            self.four.setGeometry(QRect(30, 180, 51, 41))
            self.mul = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.mul.setObjectName(u"mul")
            self.mul.setGeometry(QRect(210, 180, 61, 41))
            self.five = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.five.setObjectName(u"five")
            self.five.setGeometry(QRect(90, 180, 51, 41))
            self.three = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.three.setObjectName(u"three")
            self.three.setGeometry(QRect(150, 230, 51, 41))
            self.one = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.one.setObjectName(u"one")
            self.one.setGeometry(QRect(30, 230, 51, 41))
            self.sub = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.sub.setObjectName(u"sub")
            self.sub.setGeometry(QRect(210, 230, 61, 41))
            self.two = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.two.setObjectName(u"two")
            self.two.setGeometry(QRect(90, 230, 51, 41))
            self.equal = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.equal.setObjectName(u"equal")
            self.equal.setGeometry(QRect(150, 280, 51, 41))
            self.zero = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.zero.setObjectName(u"zero")
            self.zero.setGeometry(QRect(30, 280, 51, 41))
            self.add = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.add.setObjectName(u"add")
            self.add.setGeometry(QRect(210, 280, 61, 41))
            self.point = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.point.setObjectName(u"point")
            self.point.setGeometry(QRect(90, 280, 51, 41))
            self.clear = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.clear.setObjectName(u"clear")
            self.clear.setGeometry(QRect(30, 80, 111, 41))
            self.back = QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.back.setObjectName(u"back")
            self.back.setGeometry(QRect(210, 80, 61, 41))
            MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
            self.menubar = QMenuBar(MainWindow)
            self.menubar.setObjectName(u"menubar")
            self.menubar.setGeometry(QRect(0, 0, 300, 21))
            MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
            self.statusbar = QStatusBar(MainWindow)
            self.statusbar.setObjectName(u"statusbar")
            MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
    
            self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
    
            QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
        # setupUi
    
        def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
            MainWindow.setWindowTitle(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668", None))
            self.seven.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"7", None))
            self.eight.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"8", None))
            self.nine.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"9", None))
            self.exc.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"\u00f7", None))
            self.six.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"6", None))
            self.four.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"4", None))
            self.mul.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"\u00d7", None))
            self.five.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"5", None))
            self.three.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"3", None))
            self.one.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"1", None))
            self.sub.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"-", None))
            self.two.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"2", None))
            self.equal.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"=", None))
            self.zero.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"0", None))
            self.add.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"+", None))
            self.point.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u".", None))
            self.clear.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"C", None))
            self.back.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("MainWindow", u"DEL", None))
        # retranslateUi

2.2、编写代码

• 在项目目录下创建一个main.py文件。 

  • from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
    from ui import Ui_MainWindow
    import sys
    
    
    class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
        def __init__(self):
            super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
            self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()  # UI类的实例化
            self.ui.setupUi(self)
            self.result = ''  # 计算结果
            self.numberResult = 0
            self.bind()  # 绑定函数，不让初始化中的代码过多
    
        # 绑定
        def bind(self):
            # lambda的作用是连接一个临时函数
            self.ui.zero.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('0'))  # 0
            self.ui.one.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('1'))  # 1
            self.ui.two.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('2'))  # 2
            self.ui.three.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('3'))  # 3
            self.ui.four.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('4'))  # 4
            self.ui.five.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('5'))  # 5
            self.ui.six.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('6'))  # 6
            self.ui.seven.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('7'))  # 7
            self.ui.eight.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('8'))  # 8
            self.ui.nine.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('9'))  # 9
            self.ui.add.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('+'))  # 加
            self.ui.sub.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('-'))  # 减
            self.ui.mul.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('*'))  # 乘
            self.ui.exc.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('/'))  # 除
            self.ui.point.clicked.connect(lambda: self.addNumber('.'))  # 小数点
            self.ui.equal.clicked.connect(lambda: self.equal())  # 等于
            self.ui.back.clicked.connect(lambda: self.back())  # 回退
            self.ui.clear.clicked.connect(lambda: self.clear())  # 清除
    
        # 输入表达式
        def addNumber(self, number):
            self.ui.lineEdit.clear()
            self.result += number
            self.ui.lineEdit.setText(self.result)
    
        # 计算
        def equal(self):
            self.numberResult = eval(self.result)  # 计算结果
            self.ui.lineEdit.setText(str(self.numberResult))
    
        # 回退
        def back(self):
            self.result = self.result[:-1]  # 移除最后一个元素
            self.ui.lineEdit.setText(self.result)
    
        # 清除
        def clear(self):
            self.ui.lineEdit.clear()
            self.result = ''
            self.ui.lineEdit.setText(self.result)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication([])  # 启动一个应用
        window = MainWindow()  # 实例化主窗口
        window.show()  # 展示主窗口
        sys.exit(app.exec())  # 关闭窗口，程序停止运行

3、打包

• 将该项目打包成一个exe可执行文件。打开终端，进入主函数所在路径。

  • pyinstaller -F -w main.py
    # -F：打包成单个文件
    # -w：打开时不显示终端

  • 
• 生成一个dist文件夹，其中包含了exe文件。
  •