linux mysql 单机主从_centos7 单机部署mysql 主从
安装：
1 下载 mysql5.7 二进制压缩包
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2 解压
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
3 创建mysql 用户
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
4 在mysql 二进制包目录中创建mysql-files目录(mysql 数据导入/导出的目录)
mkdir -v /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
5 创建多实例数据目录
mkdir -vp /data/mysql_data{1..2}
6 修改目录权限
chown mysql.mysql /data -R
chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql -R
7 配置my.cnf 文件
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /tmp/mysql_multi.log
user = root
pass = 123456
[mysqld]
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
skip-name-resolve
[mysqld1]
# 设置数据目录 [多实例中一定要不同]
datadir = /data/mysql_data1
# 设置sock存放文件名 [多实例中一定要不同]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
# 设置监听开放端口 [多实例中一定要不同]
port = 3306
# 设置运行用户
user = mysql
# 关闭监控
performance_schema = off
# 设置innodb 缓存大小
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
# 设置监听IP地址
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
# 关闭DNS 反向解析
skip-name-resolve = 0
#开启主从复制，主库的配置
#指定主库serverid
server-id=101
log-bin=master-bin #bin-log前缀
log-bin-index=master-bin.index #bin-log-index前缀
binlog_format=ROW #binlog格式 (STATEMENT,ROW,FIXED)，这里主要为了后续要测试canal，所以用到了ROW，具体格式区别，自行搜索
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #不需要同步给从库的库
binlog-ignore-db=sys #不需要同步给从库的库
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema #不需要同步给从库的库
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema #不需要同步给从库的库
[mysqld2]
datadir = /data/mysql_data2
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port = 3307
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0
server-id=102
8 初始化实例 初始化完成后自带随机密码在日志中
[root@master src]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data1
[root@master src]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data2
2019-11-02T05:17:00.179360Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-11-02T05:17:00.322304Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-11-02T05:17:00.403884Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ff8a0dde-fd2f-11e9-bff0-b82a72ceceea.
2019-11-02T05:17:00.410931Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-11-02T05:17:00.412000Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Pp!MtYkG=1IH
2019-11-02T05:17:02.561842Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-11-02T05:17:02.561943Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-11-02T05:17:02.561978Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-11-02T05:17:02.562025Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-11-02T05:17:02.562049Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-11-02T05:17:02.562080Z 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-11-02T05:17:02.562184Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-11-02T05:17:02.562233Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
9 复制多实例脚本到服务管理目录下
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
10 添加脚本权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
11 添加进service服务管理
chkconfig --add mysqld_multi
12 mysqld_multi 多实例管理
查看多实例：
/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report
启动多实例：
/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start
启动某个实例
/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start 1
停止mysql服务
/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi stop (不管用，需要执行以下操作才能生效)
登录进入mysql实例
mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock1
mysql>grant shutdown on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
mysql>flush privileges;
kill -9 mysql_pid 就可以了
报错处理：
如果发现有以下报错 加个环境变量就可以了
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
[root@localhost /]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1,2,3
WARNING: my_print_defaults command not found.
Please make sure you have this command available and
in your path. The command is available from the latest
MySQL distribution.
ABORT: Can't find command 'my_print_defaults'.
This command is available from the latest MySQL
distribution. Please make sure you have the command
in your PATH.
安装完mysql 之后，登陆以后，不管运行任何命令，总是提示这个 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. ,由于初始化各实例的时候采用了系统生成的密码，不方便记忆和操作
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
主从配置：
查询主库状态：
执行SQL语句查询状态：需要记录下Position值，需要在从库中设置同步起始值。
mysql>show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000006 | 154 | | mysql,sys,information_schema,performance_schema | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在主库上创建同步用户：
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql>flush privileges;
从库上执行：
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='localhost',
-> master_user='slave',
-> master_password='123456',
-> master_log_file='master-bin.000006',
-> master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)
mysql> start slave; # 开启slave
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status;