CentOS 7.9 OS Kernel Update 3.10 to 4.19

date: 2024-01-18, 2024-01-26

原 OS Kernel 3.10
升级至 4.19

1.检查默认内核

• 检查 vmlinuz 版本

[root@localhost ~]# grubby --default-kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#

• 检查 Linux 内核版本

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Dec 7 15:39:45 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]#

2.配置 yum 源

• 备份原 repo 源文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak;mv ./* bak
mv: cannot move ‘./bak’ to a subdirectory of itself, ‘bak/bak’
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 220 Jan 25 20:24 bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

• 下载阿里云 CentOS7 repo 源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o CentOS-Ali.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2523  100  2523    0     0   2789      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2787
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  220 Jan 25 20:24 bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2523 Jan 25 20:25 CentOS-Ali.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

• 更新本地 repo 源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache fast
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                                                                                                           | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
centosplus                                                                                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
extras                                                                                                                         | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
updates                                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created
[root@localhost ~]#

• 查看 repo 源

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                       repo name                                                                         status
base/7/x86_64                                                 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                              10,072
centosplus/7/x86_64                                           CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                 277
extras/7/x86_64                                               CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                               518
updates/7/x86_64                                              CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                                            5,558
repolist: 16,425
[root@localhost ~]#

3.下载内核离线包

cd /opt
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

4.安装内核

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# ll
total 59068
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47850944 Jan 18 11:22 kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12632052 Jan 18 10:59 kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost opt]# yum install ./*.rpm -y
...
Installed:
  kernel-ml.x86_64 0:4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo                                                  kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 0:4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo

Dependency Installed:
  perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9            perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7                perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7                    perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7
  perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7        perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7          perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7                    perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7
  perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7       perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7             perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9           perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7
  perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7       perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7             perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7       perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-5.el7
  perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7         perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7       perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7              perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7
  perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7         perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9            perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9              perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7
  perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7       perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7               perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7

Complete!
[root@localhost opt]#

5.更改内核启动顺序

[root@localhost ~]# grub2-set-default 0
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-cf7d56908f2b4b73bc25710041bda25d
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-cf7d56908f2b4b73bc25710041bda25d.img
done
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
[root@localhost ~]#

6.检查内核版本

[root@localhost ~]# grubby --default-kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#

7.重启

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

8.再次检查内核版本

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 21 11:06:36 EST 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]#

9.修改启动界面显示的内核顺序

• 注释掉 3.10 内核

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/grub2.cfg

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64-advanced-5620e84e-0e87-41ad-9913-5292a8fd1d5e' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rhgb quiet user_namespace.enable=1
        initrd16 /initramfs-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
}
# menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-5620e84e-0e87-41ad-9913-5292a8fd1d5e' {
#       load_video
#       set gfxpayload=keep
#       insmod gzio
#       insmod part_msdos
#       insmod xfs
#       set root='hd0,msdos1'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
#       fi
#       linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rhgb quiet
#       initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-1160.105.1.el7.x86_64.img
# }
# menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64-advanced-5620e84e-0e87-41ad-9913-5292a8fd1d5e' {
#       load_video
#       set gfxpayload=keep
#       insmod gzio
#       insmod part_msdos
#       insmod xfs
#       set root='hd0,msdos1'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
#       fi
#       linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rhgb quiet
#       initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
# }
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-cf7d56908f2b4b73bc25710041bda25d) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-cf7d56908f2b4b73bc25710041bda25d-advanced-5620e84e-0e87-41ad-9913-5292a8fd1d5e' {
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1556ccd1-3879-4b8e-8b23-80f8a473557f
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-cf7d56908f2b4b73bc25710041bda25d root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rhgb quiet
        initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-cf7d56908f2b4b73bc25710041bda25d.img
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

• 重启

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

---

我们下期见，拜拜！